Monitoring the Session

HB 285

nonlivestock animal cruelty gets a lower mental-state bar

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Rep. Claudia OrdazDHouse 79

Initial review · graded Oct 20, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the prosecution of the offense of cruelty to nonlivestock animals.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Negligence now counts, along with intent, knowledge or recklessness.

This bill lowers the mental-state bar for the existing animal cruelty offense covering nonlivestock animals, so a person can now be prosecuted for acting with criminal negligence, not just intentionally, knowingly or recklessly. It touches pet owners, caretakers and anyone with custody of a nonlivestock animal, while giving licensed veterinarians and their assistants a defense for negligent conduct on the job. Starting September 1, 2025, careless failures like not providing food, water or shelter can lead to prosecution even when the person did not mean or foresee the harm.

Labels

Labels: NO AUTOGRAPH. Became law without the governor's signature on Jun 20, 2025.DO-OVER. Reworked text of a bill filed before that died: 88R HB 1203 (Did not pass). Filed in 2 sessions, counting this one. Checked against 88R only.TRY NO. 2. Filed in 2 sessions: 88R and 89R. Checked against 88R only.ACROSS THE AISLE. Joint authors: 3 Republicans, 2 Democrats. Party as the Legislative Reference Library lists it for the 89th Legislature.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-HB285 · 2024-11-12

SOLD BY

+ 2 more authors, 13 coauthors

ITEM

relating to the prosecution of the offense of cruelty to nonlivestock animals.

WHAT IT DOES

Negligence now counts, along with intent, knowledge or recklessness.

This bill lowers the mental-state bar for the existing animal cruelty offense covering nonlivestock animals, so a person can now be prosecuted for acting with criminal negligence, not just intentionally, knowingly or recklessly. It touches pet owners, caretakers and anyone with custody of a nonlivestock animal, while giving licensed veterinarians and their assistants a defense for negligent conduct on the job. Starting September 1, 2025, careless failures like not providing food, water or shelter can lead to prosecution even when the person did not mean or foresee the harm.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version E · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version E · May 18, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Filed
  2. Read first time
  3. Referred to Criminal Jurisprudence
  4. Referred directly to subcommittee by chair
  5. Scheduled for public hearing in s/c on . . .
  6. Considered by s/c in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in subcommittee
  8. Left pending in subcommittee
  9. Recalled from subcommittee
  10. Considered in formal meeting
  11. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  12. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  13. Committee report distributed
  14. Committee report sent to Calendars
  15. Considered in Calendars
  16. Placed on General State Calendar
  17. Read 2nd time
  18. Passed to engrossment
  19. Record vote RV#1194
  20. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  21. Read 3rd time
  22. Passed
  23. Record vote RV#1300
  24. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  25. Reported engrossed
  26. Received from the House
  27. Read first time
  28. Referred to Criminal Justice
  29. Co-sponsor authorized
  30. Co-sponsor authorized
  31. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  32. Considered in public hearing
  33. Testimony taken in committee
  34. Vote taken in committee
  35. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  36. Committee report printed and distributed
  37. Co-sponsor authorized
  38. Placed on intent calendar
  39. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  40. Read 2nd time & passed to 3rd reading
  41. Vote recorded in Journal
  42. Three day rule suspended
  43. Record vote
  44. Read 3rd time
  45. Passed
  46. Record vote
  47. Senate passage reported
  48. Reported enrolled
  49. Signed in the House
  50. Signed in the Senate
  51. Sent to the Governor
  52. Filed without the Governor's signature
  53. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 125 yea · 5 nay

Senate · 31 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 2, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · May 23, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Texas Sands PAC$12KRandy Bowling$10,000Bobby Bowling$10,000

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Aug 5, 2024 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Texas Sands PAC$12,000.00

Texas Sands PAC

$12,000.00

Cash
$12,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$12,000.00

Also funds 121 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 3, 2024 to Oct 24, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Oct 1, 2024 to Sep 29, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100982219, 101057840, 101072563.

Randy Bowling$10,000.00
Bobby Bowling$10,000.00
Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Texas Sands PAC

$12,000.00

Cash
$12,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$12,000.00

Also funds 121 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 3, 2024 to Oct 24, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Oct 1, 2024 to Sep 29, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100982219, 101057840, 101072563.

Votes5

Senate May 23, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator West moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that HB 285 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0. The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 23, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator West moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that HB 285 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 23, 2025

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

The bill was read second time and was passed to third reading by a viva voce vote.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 2, 2025

Yea
125
Nay
5
Present, not voting
2
Absent
6
Excused
12
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 1300

HB 285 was passed by (Record 1300): 125 Yeas, 5 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 125 (published)
  • Nay: 5 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 6 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 12 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 1, 2025

Yea
123
Nay
19
Present, not voting
3
Absent
2
Excused
3
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 1194

HB 285 was passed to engrossment by (Record 1194): 123 Yeas, 19 Nays, 3 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 123 (published)
  • Nay: 19 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 3 (published)
  • Absent: 2 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 3 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses23
For
22
Against
1
On
0
Names

For

  • City of Houston1 registration
  • City of San Antonio1 registration
  • Conference of Urban Counties1 registration
  • El Paso County1 registration
  • Houston Police Department2 registrations
  • Office of Harris County District Attorney Sean Teare2 registrations
  • Self8 registrations
  • Self; Houston PetSet1 registration
  • Self; Sheriffs Association of Texas1 registration
  • Self; Texas Humane Legislation Network3 registrations
  • Sheriffs Association1 registration

Against

  • Self1 registration
Sources

23 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

House witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version E · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version E · May 18, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

FILED BEFORE

Filed 2 times: 88R and 89R. Checked against 88R only.

88R HB 1203

by Rep. Ordaz, same lead author · Did not pass · reworked

Introduced text

Last action, May 9, 2023: Committee report sent to Calendars

Relating to the prosecution of the offense of cruelty to nonlivestock animals.

Caption, 88R bill history

Sources

Texas House · Filed Nov 12, 2024

06/20/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · House Committee Report · Engrossed · Senate Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors
Cosponsors

House committee · Criminal Jurisprudence · Committee vote 10 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Criminal Justice · Committee vote 6 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Subjects

Animals

Crimes--Miscellaneous

VETERINARIANS

Text

The text as introduced · 340 words

89R2415 EAS-D

By: Ordaz
H.B. No. 285

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the prosecution of the offense of cruelty to

nonlivestock animals.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 42.092, Penal Code, is amended by

amending Subsection (b) and adding Subsection (d-1) to read as

follows:

(b) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally,

knowingly, [ or ] recklessly , or with criminal negligence :

(1) tortures an animal or in a cruel manner kills or

causes serious bodily injury to an animal;

(2) without the owner's effective consent, kills,

administers poison to, or causes serious bodily injury to an

animal;

(3) fails unreasonably to provide necessary food,

water, care, or shelter for an animal in the person's custody;

(4) abandons unreasonably an animal in the person's

custody;

(5) transports or confines an animal in a cruel

manner;

(6) without the owner's effective consent, causes

bodily injury to an animal;

(7) causes one animal to fight with another animal, if

either animal is not a dog;

(8) uses a live animal as a lure in dog race training

or in dog coursing on a racetrack; or

(9) seriously overworks an animal.

(d-1) It is a defense to prosecution for alleged criminal

negligence that the conduct occurred during the actual discharge of

the actor's duties while employed as a veterinarian licensed under

Chapter 801, Occupations Code, or as a person assisting the

veterinarian.

SECTION 2. The change in law made by this Act applies only

to an offense committed on or after the effective date of this Act.

An offense committed before the effective date of this Act is

governed by the law in effect on the date the offense was committed,

and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose. For

purposes of this section, an offense was committed before the

effective date of this Act if any element of the offense occurred

before that date.

SECTION 3. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.