Monitoring the Session

HB 449

bill widening the sexual deep fake offense to photos

Vetoed

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Rep. Mary E. GonzálezDHouse 75

Initial review · graded Oct 22, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the unlawful production or distribution of sexually explicit media using deep fake technology.

Caption from analyzed text · version S.

Summary

Photos and any AI-altered image, not just videos.

The bill widens the existing Texas offense for sexual deep fake videos so it also covers photos and any other visual depiction made or altered by software, AI or other technological means. It touches anyone who knowingly makes or electronically shares fake sexual images of a real person without that person's consent. Starting September 1, 2025, fake sexual photos and other images, not just videos, fall under the same offense, and the old 'intent to deceive' wording is dropped from the definition.

Labels

Labels: CROSS-PARTY HANDOFF. Lead author Mary E. González (D) in the House. Lead sponsor Joan Huffman (R) in the Senate. Party as the Legislative Reference Library lists it for the 89th Legislature.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-HB449 · 2024-11-12

SOLD BY

Rep. Mary E. GonzálezDHouse 75

+ 4 coauthors

ITEM

relating to the unlawful production or distribution of sexually explicit media using deep fake technology.

WHAT IT DOES

Photos and any AI-altered image, not just videos.

The bill widens the existing Texas offense for sexual deep fake videos so it also covers photos and any other visual depiction made or altered by software, AI or other technological means. It touches anyone who knowingly makes or electronically shares fake sexual images of a real person without that person's consent. Starting September 1, 2025, fake sexual photos and other images, not just videos, fall under the same offense, and the old 'intent to deceive' wording is dropped from the definition.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version F · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version F · May 24, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Filed
  2. Read first time
  3. Referred to Criminal Jurisprudence
  4. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  5. Considered in public hearing
  6. Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in committee
  7. Left pending in committee
  8. Considered in public hearing
  9. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  10. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  11. Committee report distributed
  12. Committee report sent to Calendars
  13. Considered in Calendars
  14. Placed on General State Calendar
  15. Read 2nd time
  16. Passed to engrossment
  17. Read 3rd time
  18. Passed
  19. Record vote RV#1445
  20. Reported engrossed
  21. Received from the House
  22. Read first time
  23. Referred to Criminal Justice
  24. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  25. Considered in public hearing
  26. Testimony taken in committee
  27. Vote taken in committee
  28. Reported favorably as substituted
  29. Committee report printed and distributed
  30. Co-sponsor authorized
  31. Placed on intent calendar
  32. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  33. Read 2nd time & passed to 3rd reading
  34. Vote recorded in Journal
  35. Three day rule suspended
  36. Record vote
  37. Read 3rd time
  38. Passed
  39. Record vote
  40. Senate passage as amended reported
  41. Senate Amendments distributed
  42. Senate Amendments Analysis distributed
  43. House concurs in Senate amendment(s)
  44. Record vote RV#3961
  45. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  46. Text of Senate Amendment(s)
  47. House concurs in Senate amendment(s)-reported
  48. Reported enrolled
  49. Signed in the House
  50. Signed in the Senate
  51. Sent to the Governor
  52. Vetoed by the Governor
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 147 yea · 0 nay

Senate · 31 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 6, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · May 23, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Mary E. González

Donors

Texas Trial Lawyers Association PAC$10KCoalition for Working Families PAC$10KTexas Sands PAC$8K

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 16, 2024 to Jun 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Texas Trial Lawyers Association PAC$10,000.00

Texas Trial Lawyers Association PAC

$10,000.00

Cash
$10,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$10,000.00

Also funds 137 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 24, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 11, 2024 to Mar 30, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100985912, 101032788, 101058648.

Coalition for Working Families PAC$10,000.00

Coalition for Working Families PAC

$10,000.00

Cash
$10,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$10,000.00

Also funds 24 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Dec 25, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Jan 5, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101058648.

Texas Sands PAC$8,000.00

Texas Sands PAC

$8,000.00

Cash
$8,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$8,000.00

Also funds 121 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 3, 2024 to Oct 24, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 22, 2024 to Dec 9, 2024. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100985912.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Texas Trial Lawyers Association PAC

$10,000.00

Cash
$10,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$10,000.00

Also funds 137 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 24, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 11, 2024 to Mar 30, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100985912, 101032788, 101058648.

×

Coalition for Working Families PAC

$10,000.00

Cash
$10,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$10,000.00

Also funds 24 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Dec 25, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Jan 5, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101058648.

×

Texas Sands PAC

$8,000.00

Cash
$8,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$8,000.00

Also funds 121 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 3, 2024 to Oct 24, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 22, 2024 to Dec 9, 2024. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100985912.

Votes5

House May 28, 2025

Yea
134
Nay
1
Present, not voting
1
Absent
6
Excused
8
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3961

Representative M. González moved to concur in the senate amendments to HB 449. The motion to concur in the senate amendments to HB 449 prevailed by (Record 3961): 134 Yeas, 1 Nays, 1 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 134 (published)
  • Nay: 1 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 1 (published)
  • Absent: 6 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 8 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 23, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator Huffman moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that CSHB 449 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0. The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 23, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator Huffman moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that CSHB 449 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 23, 2025

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

The bill was read second time and was passed to third reading by a viva voce vote.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 6, 2025

Yea
147
Nay
0
Present, not voting
1
Absent
2
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 1445

HB 449 was passed by (Record 1445): 147 Yeas, 0 Nays, 1 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 147 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 1 (published)
  • Absent: 2 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses23
For
23
Against
0
On
0
Names

For

  • Children at Risk1 registration
  • Combined Law Enforcement Associations of Texas (CLEAT)1 registration
  • Harris County Deputies' Organization FOP #392 registrations
  • Houston Police Department1 registration
  • Not On Our Watch1 registration
  • Office of Harris County District Attorney Sean Teare1 registration
  • Public Citizen2 registrations
  • Reason Foundation1 registration
  • Self3 registrations
  • Self; Comal County Criminal District Attorney1 registration
  • Self; Dallas Police Assoc1 registration
  • Self; Harris County Sheriff’s Office1 registration
  • Self; Houston Police Officers’ Union2 registrations
  • Self; Not on Our Watch Texas1 registration
  • Self; Texas Municipal Police Association (TMPA)1 registration
  • Texas Municipal Police Association (TMPA)2 registrations
  • Texas Police Chiefs Assosciation1 registration
Sources

23 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

House witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version F · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version F · May 24, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version S by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 22, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas House · Filed Nov 12, 2024

06/22/2025 E Vetoed by the Governor

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · House Committee Report · Engrossed · Senate Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Keith BellRHouse 4 Richard HayesRHouse 57 Suleman LalaniDHouse 76 Jared PattersonRHouse 106
Sponsors
Joan HuffmanRSenate 17
Cosponsors
César BlancoDSenate 29 Juan "Chuy" HinojosaDSenate 20 Judith ZaffiriniDSenate 21

House committee · Criminal Jurisprudence · Committee vote 7 aye, 1 nay, 3 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Criminal Justice · Committee vote 6 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Subjects

Artificial Intelligence (IQ7C5)

Crimes--Against Persons--Sexual

Electronic Information Systems

Minors--Crimes Against

COMPUTERS & SOFTWARE

VIDEOTAPE & FILM

Text

The text as introduced · 308 words

89R1413 CJD-F

By: González of El Paso
H.B. No. 449

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the unlawful production or distribution of sexually

explicit images using deep fake technology.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. The heading to Section 21.165, Penal Code, is

amended to read as follows:

Sec. 21.165. UNLAWFUL PRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN

SEXUALLY EXPLICIT IMAGES OR VIDEOS.

SECTION 2. Section 21.165(a), Penal Code, is amended by

amending Subdivision (1) and adding Subdivision (1-a) to read as

follows:

(1) "Deep fake image" means an image, created with the

intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing

an action that did not occur in reality.

(1-a) "Deep fake video" means a video, created with

the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person

performing an action that did not occur in reality.

SECTION 3. Section 21.165(b), Penal Code, is amended to

read as follows:

(b) A person commits an offense if, without the effective

consent of the person appearing to be depicted, the person

knowingly produces or distributes by electronic means a deep fake

image or deep fake video that appears to depict the person with the

person's intimate parts exposed or engaged in sexual conduct.

SECTION 4. The change in law made by this Act applies only

to an offense committed on or after the effective date of this Act.

An offense committed before the effective date of this Act is

governed by the law in effect on the date the offense was committed,

and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose. For

purposes of this section, an offense was committed before the

effective date of this Act if any element of the offense occurred

before that date.

SECTION 5. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.