Monitoring the Session

SB 1236

pharmacy audit clawbacks capped at the dispensing fee

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Sen. Bryan HughesRSenate 1

Initial review · graded Oct 20, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the relationship between pharmacists or pharmacies and health benefit plan issuers or pharmacy benefit managers.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Most recoupments, anyway. New limits on when audits apply.

The bill sets new rules for how health plans and pharmacy benefit managers deal with pharmacists and pharmacies, limiting when audits can claw back claim payments and capping most recoupments at the dispensing fee. It touches health plan issuers, pharmacy benefit managers and the pharmacies in their networks, and it removes the old exemption for self-funded employer plans from the audit rules. On the ground, insurance cards must carry a code showing the plan is state-regulated, network contracts must be posted online with 90 days' notice and signed approval for changes, and managers cannot charge re-credentialing fees or force pharmacies into networks.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB1236 · 2025-02-12

SOLD BY

+ 2 coauthors

ITEM

relating to the relationship between pharmacists or pharmacies and health benefit plan issuers or pharmacy benefit managers.

WHAT IT DOES

Most recoupments, anyway. New limits on when audits apply.

The bill sets new rules for how health plans and pharmacy benefit managers deal with pharmacists and pharmacies, limiting when audits can claw back claim payments and capping most recoupments at the dispensing fee. It touches health plan issuers, pharmacy benefit managers and the pharmacies in their networks, and it removes the old exemption for self-funded employer plans from the audit rules. On the ground, insurance cards must carry a code showing the plan is state-regulated, network contracts must be posted online with 90 days' notice and signed approval for changes, and managers cannot charge re-credentialing fees or force pharmacies into networks.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version S · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version S · April 12, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to Health & Human Services
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Co-author authorized
  10. Considered in public hearing
  11. Vote taken in committee
  12. Reported favorably as substituted
  13. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  14. Committee report printed and distributed
  15. Co-author authorized
  16. Placed on local & uncontested calendar
  17. Laid before the Senate
  18. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  19. Vote recorded in Journal
  20. Three day rule suspended
  21. Record vote
  22. Read 3rd time
  23. Passed
  24. Record vote
  25. Reported engrossed
  26. Received from the Senate
  27. Read first time
  28. Referred to Insurance
  29. Considered in public hearing
  30. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  31. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  32. Committee report distributed
  33. Committee report sent to Calendars
  34. Laid out in lieu of companion CSHB 3317
  35. Read 2nd time
  36. Passed to 3rd reading
  37. Record vote RV#2168
  38. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  39. Read 3rd time
  40. Passed
  41. Record vote RV#2322
  42. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  43. House passage reported
  44. Reported enrolled
  45. Signed in the Senate
  46. Signed in the House
  47. Sent to the Governor
  48. Signed by the Governor
  49. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 140 yea · 0 nay

Senate · 31 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 13, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Apr 24, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 1, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

GOPAC Election Fund$250,000.00

GOPAC Election Fund

$250,000.00

Cash
$250,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$250,000.00

Also funds 2 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101028838, 101071548.

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)$100,000.00

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 0 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101067724.

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC$100,000.00

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 32 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Feb 20, 2026 to Oct 14, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101071548.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

GOPAC Election Fund

$250,000.00

Cash
$250,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$250,000.00

Also funds 2 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101028838, 101071548.

×

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 0 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101067724.

×

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 32 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Feb 20, 2026 to Oct 14, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101071548.

Votes5

House May 13, 2025

Yea
140
Nay
0
Present, not voting
2
Absent
3
Excused
5
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 2322

SB 1236 was passed by (Record 2322): 140 Yeas, 0 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 140 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 3 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 5 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 12, 2025

Yea
142
Nay
0
Present, not voting
2
Absent
3
Excused
3
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 2168

SB 1236 was read second time and was passed to third reading by (Record 2168): 142 Yeas, 0 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 142 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 3 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 3 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Final passage

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records final passage. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

CSSB 1236 (Hughes) Relating to the relationship between pharmacists or pharmacies and health benefit plan issuers or pharmacy benefit managers. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Suspension of the three-day rule

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records suspension of the three-day rule. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

CSSB 1236 (Hughes) Relating to the relationship between pharmacists or pharmacies and health benefit plan issuers or pharmacy benefit managers. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Passage to engrossment

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records passage to engrossment. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

CSSB 1236 (Hughes) Relating to the relationship between pharmacists or pharmacies and health benefit plan issuers or pharmacy benefit managers. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses20
For
16
Against
3
On
1
Names

For

  • American Pharmacies1 registration
  • AstraZeneca1 registration
  • H-E-B1 registration
  • National Association of Chain Drug Stores1 registration
  • Self4 registrations
  • Self; Coalition of Texans with Disabilities1 registration
  • Self; Protect Texas Fragile Kids1 registration
  • Self; Texas Pharmacy Association4 registrations
  • Texas Federation of Drug Stores1 registration
  • United Supermarkets1 registration

Against

  • PCMA1 registration
  • Texas Association of Business1 registration
  • Texas Association of Health Plans1 registration

On

  • TDI1 registration
Sources

20 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version S · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version S · April 12, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Feb 12, 2025

05/27/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors

House committee · Insurance · Committee vote 7 aye, 0 nay, 2 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Health & Human Services · Committee vote 9 aye, 0 nay · Out of committee

Companion

HB 3317 by Hefner (identical)

Subjects

Electronic Information Systems

Health Care Providers

Insurance--Health & Accident

PHARMACIES & PHARMACISTS

PHARMACY BENEFIT MANAGERS

INSURANCE, COMMISSIONER OF

Text

The text as introduced · 1,259 words

89R11480 SCF-D

By: Hughes
S.B. No. 1236

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the relationship between pharmacists or pharmacies and

health benefit plan issuers or pharmacy benefit managers.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 1369.153, Insurance Code, is amended by

adding Subsection (e) to read as follows:

(e) The commissioner by rule shall require a health benefit

plan that provides pharmacy benefits to enrollees to include on the

front of the identification card of each enrollee a unique

identifier that enables a pharmacist or pharmacy to determine when

submitting a claim that the enrollee's health benefit plan or

pharmacy benefit plan is subject to regulation by the department.

For purposes of this subsection, the commissioner may require a

unique bank identification number, processor control number, or

group number.

SECTION 2. Section 1369.252, Insurance Code, is amended to

read as follows:

Sec. 1369.252. EXCEPTIONS TO APPLICABILITY OF SUBCHAPTER.

This subchapter does not apply to an issuer or provider of health

benefits under or a pharmacy benefit manager administering pharmacy

benefits under:

(1) the state Medicaid program;

(2) the federal Medicare program;

(3) the state child health plan or health benefits

plan for children under Chapter 62 or 63, Health and Safety Code;

(4) the TRICARE military health system; or

(5) a workers' compensation insurance policy or other

form of providing medical benefits under Title 5, Labor Code[ ; or

[ (6) a self-funded health benefit plan as defined by

the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C.

Section 1001 et seq.) ].

SECTION 3. The heading to Section 1369.259, Insurance Code,

is amended to read as follows:

Sec. 1369.259. LIMITATIONS ON PAYMENT ADJUSTMENTS AND

[ CALCULATION OF ] RECOUPMENT; USE OF EXTRAPOLATION PROHIBITED.

SECTION 4. Section 1369.259, Insurance Code, is amended by

adding Subsections (a-1) and (e) to read as follows:

(a-1) A health benefit plan issuer or pharmacy benefit

manager may not, as the result of an audit, deny or reduce a claim

payment made to a pharmacist or pharmacy after adjudication of the

claim unless:

(1) the original claim was submitted fraudulently;

(2) the original claim payment was incorrect because

the pharmacist or pharmacy had already been paid for the pharmacist

service; or

(3) the pharmacist or pharmacy made a substantive

non-clerical or non-recordkeeping error that led to the patient

receiving the wrong prescription drug or dosage.

(e) Except for a claim described by Subsection (a-1), a

health benefit plan issuer or pharmacy benefit manager:

(1) may only recoup the dispensing fee paid by the

health benefit plan issuer or pharmacy benefit manager to the

pharmacist or pharmacy associated with the audited claim; and

(2) may not recoup from the pharmacist or pharmacy the

cost of the drug or any other amount related to the claim.

SECTION 5. Subchapter M, Chapter 1369, Insurance Code, is

amended by adding Sections 1369.6021, 1369.6022, 1369.6023,

1369.6024, and 1369.6025 to read as follows:

Sec. 1369.6021. ONLINE ACCESS TO PHARMACY BENEFIT NETWORK

CONTRACT. A health benefit plan issuer or pharmacy benefit manager

shall make available to any pharmacist or pharmacy in the issuer's

or manager's pharmacy benefit network access to a secure, online

portal through which the pharmacist or pharmacy may access all

pharmacy benefit network contracts between the health benefit plan

issuer or pharmacy benefit manager and the pharmacist or pharmacy,

including any contract addendums.

Sec. 1369.6022. PHARMACY BENEFIT NETWORK CONTRACT

MODIFICATIONS AND ADDENDUMS. (a) A pharmacist or pharmacy must

have an opportunity to refuse a proposed modification or addendum

to a pharmacy benefit network contract. A proposed modification or

addendum may not take effect without the signed approval of the

pharmacist or pharmacy.

(b) A health benefit plan issuer or pharmacy benefit manager

must, not later than the 90th day before the date a proposed

modification or addendum to a pharmacy benefit network contract is

to take effect:

(1) post the proposed modification or addendum to the

online portal described by Section 1369.6021; and

(2) provide to the pharmacist or pharmacy notice of

the proposed modification or addendum by e-mail, including:

(A) a link to the online portal;

(B) the National Council for Prescription Drug

Programs number or other identifier approved by the commissioner

for the pharmacist or pharmacy to which the proposed modification

or addendum applies; and

(C) a description of the proposed modification or

addendum in a manner that allows the pharmacist or pharmacy to

compare the proposed modification or addendum to the current

contract.

(c) A pharmacy benefit network contract may not incorporate

by reference a document not included in a contract or contract

attachment, including a provider manual. All financial terms,

including reimbursement rates and methodology, must be set forth in

the contract.

Sec. 1369.6023. PHARMACY BENEFIT NETWORK CONTRACT

DISCLOSURE. A pharmacy benefit network contract must state that

the contract is subject to this chapter and any rules adopted by the

commissioner under this chapter.

Sec. 1369.6024. PHARMACY BENEFIT NETWORK CONTRACT FEE

LIMITATIONS. (a) A health benefit plan issuer or pharmacy benefit

manager may not charge a fee, including an application or

participation fee, before providing a pharmacist or pharmacy with

the full proposed pharmacy benefit network contract, including any

financial terms applicable to the contract and corresponding

pharmacy benefit network.

(b) A health benefit plan issuer or pharmacy benefit manager

may not charge a pharmacist or pharmacy already participating in

the pharmacy benefit network a fee related to re-credentialing or

re-enrollment or a similar fee.

Sec. 1369.6025. PHARMACY BENEFIT NETWORK PARTICIPATION

REQUIREMENTS PROHIBITED. A health benefit plan issuer or pharmacy

benefit manager may not:

(1) require a pharmacist or pharmacy to participate in

a pharmacy benefit network;

(2) condition a pharmacist's or pharmacy's

participation in a pharmacy benefit network on participation in any

other pharmacy benefit network; or

(3) penalize a pharmacist or pharmacy for refusing to

participate in a pharmacy benefit network.

SECTION 6. Section 1369.605, Insurance Code, is amended to

read as follows:

Sec. 1369.605. NETWORK CONTRACT FEE SCHEDULE. A pharmacy

benefit network contract must include [ specify or reference ] a

[ separate ] fee schedule. [ Unless otherwise available in the

contract, the fee schedule must be provided electronically in an

easily accessible and complete spreadsheet format and, on request,

in writing to each contracted pharmacist and pharmacy. ] The fee

schedule must describe:

(1) specific services or procedures that the

pharmacist or pharmacy may deliver and the amount of the

corresponding payment;

(2) a methodology for calculating the amount of the

payment based on a published fee schedule; or

(3) any other reasonable manner that provides an

ascertainable amount for payment for services.

SECTION 7. Section 1369.259(d), Insurance Code, is

repealed.

SECTION 8. (a) Section 1369.153, Insurance Code, as

amended by this Act, applies only to a health benefit plan

delivered, issued for delivery, or renewed on or after January 1,

2026. A health benefit plan delivered, issued for delivery, or

renewed before January 1, 2026, is governed by the law as it existed

immediately before the effective date of this Act, and that law is

continued in effect for that purpose.

(b) Chapter 1369, Insurance Code, as amended by this Act,

applies only to a contract entered into or renewed on or after the

effective date of this Act. A contract entered into or renewed

before the effective date of this Act is governed by the law as it

existed immediately before the effective date of this Act, and that

law is continued in effect for that purpose.

SECTION 9. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.