Monitoring the Session

SB 2321

King Grid Bill Lets Power Plants Run Past Emissions Limits

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Sen. Phil KingRSenate 10

Initial review · graded Oct 22, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the regulation of emissions by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality during an event affecting electric demand or grid reliability.

Caption from analyzed text · version H.

Summary

When the grid operator calls for power, plants keep records. The agency decides on enforcement afterward.

The bill lets the state environmental agency choose not to enforce pollution limits on power plants and on-site backup generators when the grid operator says extra power is needed to head off an emergency. It touches power plant owners, backup generator operators, the grid operator, and people living near those facilities. During those periods, plants can run past emissions and hours limits while keeping records and reporting any exceedances, and the agency decides afterward whether to take enforcement action.

Labels

Labels: BUZZER BEATER. Final vote May 30, 2025: the Senate concurred in the House amendments. 3 days before the session ended Jun 2, 2025.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB2321 · 2025-03-11

SOLD BY

ITEM

relating to the regulation of emissions by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality during an event affecting electric demand or grid reliability.

WHAT IT DOES

When the grid operator calls for power, plants keep records. The agency decides on enforcement afterward.

The bill lets the state environmental agency choose not to enforce pollution limits on power plants and on-site backup generators when the grid operator says extra power is needed to head off an emergency. It touches power plant owners, backup generator operators, the grid operator, and people living near those facilities. During those periods, plants can run past emissions and hours limits while keeping records and reporting any exceedances, and the agency decides afterward whether to take enforcement action.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version H · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version H · May 17, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to Business & Commerce
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Considered in public hearing
  10. Vote taken in committee
  11. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  12. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  13. Committee report printed and distributed
  14. Placed on intent calendar
  15. Not again placed on intent calendar
  16. Placed on local & uncontested calendar
  17. Laid before the Senate
  18. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  19. Vote recorded in Journal
  20. Three day rule suspended
  21. Record vote
  22. Read 3rd time
  23. Passed
  24. Record vote
  25. Reported engrossed
  26. Received from the Senate
  27. Read first time
  28. Referred to Environmental Regulation
  29. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  30. Considered in public hearing
  31. Committee substitute considered in committee
  32. Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in committee
  33. Left pending in committee
  34. Considered in formal meeting
  35. Committee substitute considered in committee
  36. Reported favorably as substituted
  37. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  38. Committee report distributed
  39. Committee report sent to Calendars
  40. Considered in Calendars
  41. Placed on General State Calendar
  42. Read 2nd time
  43. Passed to 3rd reading
  44. Record vote RV#3767
  45. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  46. Read 3rd time
  47. Passed
  48. Record vote RV#3878
  49. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  50. House passage as amended reported
  51. House amendment(s) laid before the Senate
  52. Read
  53. Senate concurs in House amendment(s)
  54. Record vote
  55. Senate concurs in House amendment(s)-reported
  56. Reported enrolled
  57. Signed in the Senate
  58. Signed in the House
  59. Sent to the Governor
  60. Signed by the Governor
  61. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

DATA CENTERS, WATER AND THE GRID

THE TEXT

…“emissions from electric generation facilities and on-site backup”…

Bill text, House committee report version (H)

The bill lets power plants and backup generators exceed emissions and operating limits during grid emergencies, so neighbors' air absorbs the cost of keeping the lights on.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 140 yea · 2 nay

Senate · 31 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 28, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Apr 16, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$30KErle Nye, Jr.$20,000Gideon Powell$20,000

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Oct 27, 2024 to Jun 30, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$30,300.00

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$30,300.00

Cash
$30,000.00
Paid by others
$300.00
Total
$30,300.00
fundraiser $300.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 12, 2024 to Sep 26, 2025. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100982783, 101007450, 101026985.

Erle Nye, Jr.$20,000.00
Gideon Powell$20,000.00
Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$30,300.00

Cash
$30,000.00
Paid by others
$300.00
Total
$30,300.00
fundraiser $300.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 12, 2024 to Sep 26, 2025. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100982783, 101007450, 101026985.

Votes6

Senate May 30, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator King moved to concur in the House amendment to SB 2321. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 28, 2025

Yea
140
Nay
2
Present, not voting
1
Absent
0
Excused
7
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3878

SB 2321 was passed by (Record 3878): 140 Yeas, 2 Nays, 1 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 140 (published)
  • Nay: 2 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 1 (published)
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 7 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 27, 2025

Yea
139
Nay
2
Present, not voting
2
Absent
4
Excused
3
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3767

CSSB 2321 was passed to third reading by (Record 3767): 139 Yeas, 2 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 139 (published)
  • Nay: 2 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 4 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 3 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 16, 2025

Final passage

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records final passage. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

SB 2321 (King) Relating to the regulation of emissions by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality during an event affecting electric demand or grid reliability. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 16, 2025

Suspension of the three-day rule

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records suspension of the three-day rule. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

SB 2321 (King) Relating to the regulation of emissions by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality during an event affecting electric demand or grid reliability. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 16, 2025

Passage to engrossment

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records passage to engrossment. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

SB 2321 (King) Relating to the regulation of emissions by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality during an event affecting electric demand or grid reliability. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses28
For
21
Against
0
On
7
Names

For

  • Data Center Coalition1 registration
  • Lone Star Chapter Sierra Club1 registration
  • Powering Texas1 registration
  • Public Citizen2 registrations
  • San Marcos TX Utilities1 registration
  • Self2 registrations
  • Self; San Angelo Chamber of Commerce1 registration
  • Sierra Club Lone Star Chapter1 registration
  • Skybox Datacenters1 registration
  • Skybox Datacenters LLC1 registration
  • Texas Association of Manufacturers2 registrations
  • Texas Chemistry Council2 registrations
  • Texas Mining & Reclamation Association1 registration
  • Texas Mining and Reclamation Association1 registration
  • Texas Public Power Association2 registrations
  • Vistra Corporation1 registration

On

  • Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT)2 registrations
  • Texas Commission on Environmental Quality5 registrations
Sources

28 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

House witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version H · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version H · May 17, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version H by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 22, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Mar 11, 2025

06/20/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Sponsors

House committee · Environmental Regulation · Committee vote 5 aye, 0 nay, 4 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Business & Commerce · Committee vote 11 aye, 0 nay · Out of committee

Subjects

Environment--Air

Utilities--Electric

Utilities--General

ELECTRIC RELIABILITY COUNCIL OF TEXAS (ERCOT)

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, TEXAS COMMISSION ON

Text

The text as introduced · 542 words

89R15524 ANG-D

By: King
S.B. No. 2321

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the regulation of emissions by the Texas Commission on

Environmental Quality during an event affecting electric demand or

grid reliability.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Subchapter D, Chapter 382, Health and Safety

Code, is amended by adding Section 382.086 to read as follows:

Sec. 382.086. ENFORCEMENT DURING ELECTRIC DEMAND AND

RELIABILITY EVENT. (a) The commission shall exercise the

commission's enforcement discretion to waive enforcement for

emissions from generation facilities and on-site backup generation

facilities in the ERCOT power region during a period requested by

the independent organization certified under Section 39.151,

Utilities Code, for the ERCOT power region if the independent

organization notifies the commission that electric demand and

reliability needs in the region cannot be met or that a local

electric grid reliability issue in the region exists during that

period.

(b) After the independent organization submits a

notification to the commission under Subsection (a):

(1) the independent organization shall notify market

participants in the ERCOT power region of the period in the

notification during which limits or standards described by

Subdivision (2) do not apply to the operation of a generation

facility or on-site backup generation facility in the ERCOT power

region; and

(2) notwithstanding any other law and subject to

Subsection (d), the commission may not enforce a rule or standard,

including an emissions limit or standard, hours of operation limit,

or any similar operational limit, against the owner or operator of a

generation facility or on-site backup generation facility for the

period in the notification.

(c) The owner or operator of a generation facility or

on-site backup generation facility eligible for waived enforcement

during the period in a notification submitted under Subsection (a)

shall:

(1) take commercially reasonable steps to operate

environmental controls and minimize excess emissions during the

period;

(2) maintain operational records during the period;

and

(3) submit proper documentation of the facility's

operational records to the commission, including:

(A) the facility's name;

(B) a contact name and phone number;

(C) the county in which the facility is located;

(D) the customer reference number issued to the

facility by the commission;

(E) the name of any units in the facility that

exceeded an emissions limit or standard during the period; and

(F) a description of the emissions event,

including the date, time, pollutant, quantity, and duration.

(d) The commission may not consider an exceedance of an

emissions limit or standard during a period for which a

notification is submitted under Subsection (a) as the basis for an

enforcement action against the owner or operator of a generation

facility or on-site backup generation facility unless the owner or

operator fails to submit the documentation required by Subsection

(c)(3).

(e) The owner or operator of a generation facility or an

on-site backup generation facility eligible for waived enforcement

during the period in a notification submitted under Subsection (a)

may report any exceedance of an emissions limit or standard as an

event that did not result in the emission of at least a reportable

quantity of unauthorized emissions, in accordance with commission

regulations and permit requirements.

SECTION 2. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.