Monitoring the Session

SB 2881

Hughes Bill Caps Kids’ Default App Time At One Hour

Did not pass

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Sen. Bryan HughesRSenate 1

Initial review · graded Oct 22, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the access and communications settings for accounts of minor users of digital services.

Caption from analyzed text · version H.

Summary

No stranger messages, no likes, no algorithm suggestions. A verified parent can change them.

The bill makes apps and websites set strict default settings on accounts of users they know are minors. Those defaults cap use at one hour a day, block messages from strangers, block comments, likes and reactions on the minor's posts, hide friend and follower lists, and turn off algorithm-driven content suggestions. A verified parent can change these settings at any time, new accounts must comply starting September 1, 2025, and existing accounts must comply by January 1, 2026.

Labels

Labels: GOT HALFWAY. Passed the Senate on Apr 24, 2025. Died in the House: voted out of the Trade, Workforce & Economic Development committee 7-0, no floor vote.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB2881 · 2025-03-14

SOLD BY

+ 2 coauthors

ITEM

relating to the access and communications settings for accounts of minor users of digital services.

WHAT IT DOES

No stranger messages, no likes, no algorithm suggestions. A verified parent can change them.

The bill makes apps and websites set strict default settings on accounts of users they know are minors. Those defaults cap use at one hour a day, block messages from strangers, block comments, likes and reactions on the minor's posts, hide friend and follower lists, and turn off algorithm-driven content suggestions. A verified parent can change these settings at any time, new accounts must comply starting September 1, 2025, and existing accounts must comply by January 1, 2026.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · April 9, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to State Affairs
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Co-author authorized
  10. Considered in public hearing
  11. Vote taken in committee
  12. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  13. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  14. Committee report printed and distributed
  15. Co-author authorized
  16. Placed on local & uncontested calendar
  17. Laid before the Senate
  18. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  19. Vote recorded in Journal
  20. Three day rule suspended
  21. Record vote
  22. Read 3rd time
  23. Passed
  24. Record vote
  25. Reported engrossed
  26. Received from the Senate
  27. Read first time
  28. Referred to Trade, Workforce & Economic Development
  29. Posting rule suspended
  30. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  31. Considered in public hearing
  32. Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in committee
  33. Left pending in committee
  34. Considered in formal meeting
  35. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  36. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  37. Committee report distributed
FILED UNDER

SPEECH AND LAWFARE

THE TEXT

“prohibit any comments, likes, or reactions to content posted by a known minor user”

Bill text, House committee report version (H)

The bill makes digital services block, by default, how other users can respond to minors' posts and turns off algorithmic content ranking for minors, which regulates what can be posted and seen online.

SIGNED FOR BY

Senate · 31 yea · 0 nay

Sources

Senate: Final passage · Apr 24, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 1, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

GOPAC Election Fund$250,000.00

GOPAC Election Fund

$250,000.00

Cash
$250,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$250,000.00

Also funds 2 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101028838, 101071548.

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)$100,000.00

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 0 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101067724.

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC$100,000.00

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 32 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Feb 20, 2026 to Oct 14, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101071548.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

GOPAC Election Fund

$250,000.00

Cash
$250,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$250,000.00

Also funds 2 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101028838, 101071548.

×

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 0 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101067724.

×

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 32 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Feb 20, 2026 to Oct 14, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101071548.

Votes3

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Final passage

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records final passage. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

SB 2881 (Hughes) Relating to the access and communications settings for accounts of minor users of digital services. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Suspension of the three-day rule

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records suspension of the three-day rule. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

SB 2881 (Hughes) Relating to the access and communications settings for accounts of minor users of digital services. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Passage to engrossment

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records passage to engrossment. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

SB 2881 (Hughes) Relating to the access and communications settings for accounts of minor users of digital services. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses12
For
7
Against
5
On
0
Names

For

  • Self5 registrations
  • Self; Texas Medical Association and Texas Pediatric Society1 registration
  • Self; Texas Medical Association, Texas Pediatric Society1 registration

Against

  • Entertainment Software Association1 registration
  • Pinterest1 registration
  • TechNet2 registrations
  • Troutman Pepper Locke1 registration
Sources

12 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

House witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · April 9, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version H by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 22, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Mar 14, 2025

05/25/2025 H Committee report distributed: May 25 2025 8:14PM

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors

House committee · Trade, Workforce & Economic Development · Committee vote 7 aye, 0 nay, 4 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · State Affairs · Committee vote 9 aye, 0 nay, 2 absent · Out of committee

Subjects

Artificial Intelligence (IQ7C5)

Business & Commerce--General

Electronic Information Systems

Mental Health & Substance Abuse

Minors--Health & Safety

Text

The text as introduced · 627 words

89R11623 BCH-D

By: Hughes
S.B. No. 2881

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the access and communications settings for accounts of

minor users of digital services.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Subchapter B, Chapter 509, Business & Commerce

Code, as added by Chapter 795 (H.B. 18), Acts of the 88th

Legislature, Regular Session, 2023, is amended by adding Section

509.0525 to read as follows:

Sec. 509.0525. ACCESS AND COMMUNICATIONS SETTINGS FOR

ACCOUNTS OF KNOWN MINORS. (a) A digital service provider shall

create access and communications controls for user accounts of

known minor users of the digital service in accordance with this

section.

(b) The initial default settings for the account of a known

minor user of a digital service must be set to:

(1) limit the amount of time spent using the service to

one hour each day;

(2) prohibit unsolicited messages or communications

from unknown users;

(3) prohibit any comments, likes, or reactions to

content posted by a known minor user;

(4) prohibit the public display of a known minor user's

list of friends, contacts, or followers; and

(5) prohibit the use of algorithms to automate the

suggestion, promotion, or ranking of information or content on the

digital service.

(c) A verified parent of a known minor may use parental

tools created under Section 509.054 to change the access and

communications settings on the minor's user account at any time.

SECTION 2. Section 509.054(b), Business & Commerce Code, as

added by Chapter 795 (H.B. 18), Acts of the 88th Legislature,

Regular Session, 2023, is amended to read as follows:

(b) Parental tools under this section must allow a verified

parent to:

(1) control the known minor's privacy and account

settings , including changing the default access and communications

settings on the account under Section 509.0525 ;

(2) alter the duties of a digital service provider

under Section 509.052 with regard to the verified parent's known

minor;

(3) if the verified parent alters the duty of a digital

service provider under Section 509.052(2)(A), restrict the ability

of the verified parent's known minor to make purchases or engage in

financial transactions; and

(4) monitor and limit the amount of time the verified

parent's known minor spends using the digital service.

SECTION 3. Section 509.056, Business & Commerce Code, as

added by Chapter 795 (H.B. 18), Acts of the 88th Legislature,

Regular Session, 2023, is amended to read as follows:

Sec. 509.056. USE OF ALGORITHMS. Except where the use of

algorithms is prohibited under Section 509.0525, a [ A ] digital

service provider that uses algorithms to automate the suggestion,

promotion, or ranking of information to known minors on the digital

service shall:

(1) make a commercially reasonable effort to ensure

that the algorithm does not interfere with the digital service

provider's duties under Section 509.053; and

(2) disclose in the digital service provider's terms

of service, privacy policy, or similar document, in a clear and

accessible manner, an overview of:

(A) the manner in which the digital service uses

algorithms to provide information or content;

(B) the manner in which algorithms promote, rank,

or filter information or content; and

(C) the personal identifying information used as

inputs to provide information or content.

SECTION 4. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b) of this

section, Section 509.0525, Business & Commerce Code, as added by

this Act, applies to accounts created on digital services on or

after the effective date of this Act.

(b) Digital service providers shall ensure accounts created

on digital services before the effective date of this Act comply

with Section 509.0525, Business & Commerce Code, as added by this

Act, not later than January 1, 2026.

SECTION 5. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.