Monitoring the Session

SB 985

any county can merge precincts under 500 voters

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Sen. Paul BettencourtRSenate 7

Initial review · graded Oct 20, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the combination of certain election precincts.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

The old 1.2 million population limit is gone.

The bill lets counties of any size merge tiny election precincts with fewer than 500 registered voters after redistricting, removing the old limit that only counties under 1.2 million people not using countywide polling could do this. It touches commissioners courts, party county executive committees running primaries, and voters in small precincts, and it keeps the rule letting counties of 250,000 or more also merge precincts of 500 to 750 voters. Large counties can now combine small precincts to save on equipment, supplies, and staff, subject to existing population caps and Voting Rights Act dilution limits, starting September 1, 2025.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB985 · 2025-01-29

SOLD BY

+ 2 coauthors

ITEM

relating to the combination of certain election precincts.

WHAT IT DOES

The old 1.2 million population limit is gone.

The bill lets counties of any size merge tiny election precincts with fewer than 500 registered voters after redistricting, removing the old limit that only counties under 1.2 million people not using countywide polling could do this. It touches commissioners courts, party county executive committees running primaries, and voters in small precincts, and it keeps the rule letting counties of 250,000 or more also merge precincts of 500 to 750 voters. Large counties can now combine small precincts to save on equipment, supplies, and staff, subject to existing population caps and Voting Rights Act dilution limits, starting September 1, 2025.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version F · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version F · May 7, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to State Affairs
  5. Co-author authorized
  6. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  7. Considered in public hearing
  8. Testimony taken in committee
  9. Left pending in committee
  10. Considered in public hearing
  11. Vote taken in committee
  12. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  13. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  14. Committee report printed and distributed
  15. Placed on intent calendar
  16. Co-author authorized
  17. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  18. Read 2nd time
  19. Amendment(s) offered FA1 Bettencourt
  20. Amended
  21. Vote recorded in Journal
  22. Passed to engrossment as amended
  23. Vote recorded in Journal
  24. Three day rule suspended
  25. Record vote
  26. Read 3rd time
  27. Passed
  28. Record vote
  29. Reported engrossed
  30. Received from the Senate
  31. Read first time
  32. Referred to Elections
  33. Considered in formal meeting
  34. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  35. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  36. Committee report distributed
  37. Committee report sent to Calendars
  38. Laid out in lieu of companion HB 342
  39. Read 2nd time
  40. Amended 1-Hayes
  41. Passed to 3rd reading as amended
  42. Record vote RV#1532
  43. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  44. Read 3rd time
  45. Passed
  46. Record vote RV#1579
  47. House passage as amended reported
  48. House amendment(s) laid before the Senate
  49. Read
  50. Senate concurs in House amendment(s)
  51. Record vote
  52. Senate concurs in House amendment(s)-reported
  53. Reported enrolled
  54. Signed in the Senate
  55. Signed in the House
  56. Sent to the Governor
  57. Signed by the Governor
  58. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 94 yea · 52 nay

Senate · 31 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 7, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Apr 2, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Donors report through Friends of Paul Bettencourt.

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Oct 27, 2024 to Jun 30, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

Votes6

Senate May 12, 2025

Yea
30
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Names were not printed for yea. Only the named positions are included in member records.

Sources

Senator Bettencourt moved to concur in the House amendment to SB 985. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 30, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 30 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 7, 2025

Yea
94
Nay
52
Present, not voting
2
Absent
2
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 1579

SB 985 was passed by (Record 1579): 94 Yeas, 52 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 94 (published)
  • Nay: 52 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 2 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 6, 2025

Yea
95
Nay
46
Present, not voting
1
Absent
6
Excused
2
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 1532

SB 985, as amended, was passed to third reading by (Record 1532): 95 Yeas, 46 Nays, 1 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 95 (published)
  • Nay: 46 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 1 (published)
  • Absent: 6 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 2 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 2, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator Bettencourt moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that SB 985 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0. The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 2, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator Bettencourt moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that SB 985 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 2, 2025

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

SB 985 as amended was passed to engrossment by a viva voce vote.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses26
For
21
Against
2
On
3
Names

For

  • Conference of Urban Countie1 registration
  • County & Distrct Clerks Assocition1 registration
  • County Judges and Commissioners Association of Texas1 registration
  • Dallas County1 registration
  • El Paso County1 registration
  • Harris County Commissioners Court1 registration
  • Secure Democracy USA1 registration
  • Self10 registrations
  • Self; Harris county ballot security1 registration
  • Self; Texas Association of County Elections Officials1 registration
  • Self; Travis County Republican Party1 registration
  • The County and District Clerks’ Association of Texas1 registration

Against

  • Self2 registrations

On

  • ACLU of Texas1 registration
  • Common Cause Texas1 registration
  • Texas Secretary of State1 registration
Sources

26 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version F · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version F · May 7, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Jan 29, 2025

05/24/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors
Cosponsors

House committee · Elections · Committee vote 7 aye, 2 nay · Out of committee

Senate committee · State Affairs · Committee vote 11 aye, 0 nay · Out of committee

Companion

HB 342 by Hayes (identical)

SB 1597 by Hagenbuch (duplicate)

Subjects

Elections--Administration

Elections--Primaries

Text

The text as introduced · 437 words

89R904 MPF-F

By: Bettencourt, Paxton
S.B. No. 985

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the combination of certain election precincts.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 42.0051, Election Code, is amended to

read as follows:

Sec. 42.0051. COMBINING CERTAIN PRECINCTS. (a) If changes

in county election precinct boundaries to give effect to a

redistricting plan result in county election precincts with fewer

than 500 registered voters, a commissioners court for a general or

special election, or for a primary election the county executive

committee of a political party conducting a primary election, may

combine county election precincts notwithstanding Section 42.005

to avoid unreasonable expenditures for election equipment,

supplies, and personnel [ This section applies only to a county with

a population of less than 1.2 million that does not participate in

the countywide polling place program described by Section 43.007 ].

(b) County election precincts in a county with a population

of not less than 250,000 may also be combined under Subsection (a)

if the changes result in county election precincts with not fewer

than 500 and not more than 750 registered voters.

(c) A combined precinct under Subsection (a) or (b) is

subject to the maximum population prescribed for a precinct under

Section 42.006.

(d) [ (a-1) ] In a general or special election for which use

of county election precincts is required, the commissioner's court

of a county with a population of less than 1.2 million that does not

participate in the countywide polling place program described by

Section 43.007 may, on the recommendation of the county election

board, combine county election precincts notwithstanding Section

42.005 if:

(1) the commissioners court cannot secure a suitable

polling place location under Section 43.031; and

(2) the location of the combined polling place

adequately serves the voters of the combined precinct.

(e) [ (c) ] A combined precinct under Subsection (d) [ this

section ] may not contain more than 10,000 registered voters.

(f) [ (d) ] A combined precinct may not be established if it:

(1) results in a dilution of voting strength of a group

covered by the federal Voting Rights Act (42 U.S.C. Section 1973c et

seq.);

(2) results in a dilution of representation of a group

covered by the Voting Rights Act in any political or electoral

process or procedure; or

(3) results in discouraging participation by a group

covered by the Voting Rights Act in any political or electoral

process or procedure because of the location of a polling place or

other factors.

SECTION 2. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.