Monitoring the Session

HB 126

Tepper Bill Lets Conferences Overrule Texas Law On Athlete Pay

Became law

Verdict: Smells

SmellsInitial review
Rep. Carl H. TepperRHouse 84
Why it's charged
The hole

THE TEXT

“This subsection applies only to the extent of a conflict between this section and a contract term, a rule, a regulation, a standard, or any other requirement of or court order applicable to a group or organization with authority over an intercollegiate athletic program”…

Bill text, introduced version (I)

State law's limits and protections for athletes give way whenever an athletic association rule or court order conflicts with them. That hands the final word on athlete pay rules to private associations instead of the statute.

The hole

Initial review · graded Oct 20, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the compensation and professional representation of prospective student athletes and student athletes participating in intercollegiate athletic programs at certain institutions of higher education.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Colleges can pay their own athletes. Association rules and court orders win any conflict.

The bill lifts the current ban on Texas colleges paying their own athletes, and recruits, for use of their name, image, or likeness. It touches athletes, recruits, the colleges covered by this law, and athletic associations and conferences. Where state law conflicts with a conference or association rule or a final court order, schools and athletes may follow the association or court instead, and they answer to the association's enforcement rules.

Labels

Labels: INSTANT LAW. Took effect immediately, on Jun 5, 2025. 833 of the 1,185 graded 89R laws took effect Sep 1, 2025 (derived from the bill histories, snapshot Oct 19, 2026).ACROSS THE AISLE. Joint authors: 2 Republicans, 1 Democrat. Party as the Legislative Reference Library lists it for the 89th Legislature.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-HB126 · 2025-03-10

SOLD BY

ITEM

relating to the compensation and professional representation of prospective student athletes and student athletes participating in intercollegiate athletic programs at certain institutions of higher education.

WHAT IT DOES

Colleges can pay their own athletes. Association rules and court orders win any conflict.

The bill lifts the current ban on Texas colleges paying their own athletes, and recruits, for use of their name, image, or likeness. It touches athletes, recruits, the colleges covered by this law, and athletic associations and conferences. Where state law conflicts with a conference or association rule or a final court order, schools and athletes may follow the association or court instead, and they answer to the association's enforcement rules.

CHARGES

[x] THE HOLEanalysis confidence 45%

THE TEXT

“This subsection applies only to the extent of a conflict between this section and a contract term, a rule, a regulation, a standard, or any other requirement of or court order applicable to a group or organization with authority over an intercollegiate athletic program”…

Bill text, introduced version (I)

State law's limits and protections for athletes give way whenever an athletic association rule or court order conflicts with them. That hands the final word on athlete pay rules to private associations instead of the statute.

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version F · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version F · May 28, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Filed
  2. Read first time
  3. Referred to Higher Education
  4. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  5. Considered in public hearing
  6. Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in committee
  7. Left pending in committee
  8. Considered in formal meeting
  9. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  10. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  11. Committee report distributed
  12. Committee report sent to Calendars
  13. Considered in Calendars
  14. Placed on General State Calendar
  15. Read 2nd time
  16. Passed to engrossment
  17. Record vote RV#162
  18. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  19. Read 3rd time
  20. Passed
  21. Record vote RV#177
  22. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  23. Reported engrossed
  24. Received from the House
  25. Read first time
  26. Referred to Education K-16
  27. Co-sponsor authorized
  28. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  29. Considered in public hearing
  30. Testimony taken in committee
  31. Left pending in committee
  32. Considered in public hearing
  33. Vote taken in committee
  34. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  35. Committee report printed and distributed
  36. Placed on intent calendar
  37. Motion to suspend regular order of business
  38. Motion withdrawn
  39. Co-sponsor authorized
  40. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  41. Read 2nd time
  42. Amendment(s) offered FA1 Creighton
  43. Amended
  44. Vote recorded in Journal
  45. Passed to 3rd reading as amended
  46. Vote recorded in Journal
  47. Three day rule suspended
  48. Record vote
  49. Read 3rd time
  50. Passed
  51. Record vote
  52. Senate passage as amended reported
  53. Senate Amendments distributed
  54. Senate Amendments Analysis distributed
  55. House adopts resolution for tech. correction HCR 168
  56. House concurs in Senate amendment(s)
  57. Record vote RV#4042
  58. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  59. Text of Senate Amendment(s)
  60. House concurs in Senate amendment(s)-reported
  61. Senate adopts resolution for tech. correction HCR 168
  62. Reported enrolled
  63. Signed in the House
  64. Signed in the Senate
  65. Sent to the Governor
  66. Signed by the Governor
  67. Effective immediately
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 125 yea · 19 nay

Senate · 31 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · Apr 15, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · May 27, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

Smells

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Oct 27, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Texas Conservative Majority PAC$100,000.00

Texas Conservative Majority PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 42 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jan 23, 2026 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 22, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101072176.

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$25,083.33

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$25,083.33

Cash
$25,000.00
Paid by others
$83.33
Total
$25,083.33
fundraiser $83.33

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jun 25, 2025 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101009037, 101027338, 101072176.

Beef PAC$8,000.00

Beef PAC

$8,000.00

Cash
$8,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$8,000.00

Also funds 80 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Sep 23, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Oct 30, 2024 to Oct 20, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101012320, 101057498, 101072176.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Texas Conservative Majority PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 42 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jan 23, 2026 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 22, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101072176.

×

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$25,083.33

Cash
$25,000.00
Paid by others
$83.33
Total
$25,083.33
fundraiser $83.33

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jun 25, 2025 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101009037, 101027338, 101072176.

×

Beef PAC

$8,000.00

Cash
$8,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$8,000.00

Also funds 80 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Sep 23, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Oct 30, 2024 to Oct 20, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101012320, 101057498, 101072176.

Votes6

House May 29, 2025

Yea
110
Nay
25
Present, not voting
1
Absent
8
Excused
6
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 4042

Representative Tepper moved to concur in the senate amendments to HB 126. The motion to concur in the senate amendments to HB 126 prevailed by (Record 4042): 110 Yeas, 25 Nays, 1 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 110 (published)
  • Nay: 25 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 1 (published)
  • Absent: 8 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 6 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 27, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator Creighton moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that HB 126 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0. The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 27, 2025

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Sources

Senator Creighton moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that HB 126 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 27, 2025

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

HB 126 as amended was passed to third reading by a viva voce vote.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House Apr 15, 2025

Yea
125
Nay
19
Present, not voting
2
Absent
2
Excused
2
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 177

HB 126 was passed by (Record 177): 125 Yeas, 19 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 125 (published)
  • Nay: 19 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 2 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 2 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House Apr 14, 2025

Yea
110
Nay
34
Present, not voting
1
Absent
3
Excused
2
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 162

HB 126 was passed to engrossment by (Record 162): 110 Yeas, 34 Nays, 1 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 110 (published)
  • Nay: 34 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 1 (published)
  • Absent: 3 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 2 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses7
For
1
Against
2
On
4
Names

For

  • Self; Baylor University1 registration

Against

  • Self2 registrations

On

  • Texas A&M University System2 registrations
  • Texas Tech System1 registration
  • Texas Tech University System1 registration
Sources

7 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

House witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version F · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version F · May 28, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas House · Filed Mar 10, 2025

06/05/2025 E Effective immediately

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · House Committee Report · Engrossed · Senate Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:19 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Sponsors
Cosponsors

House committee · Higher Education · Committee vote 10 aye, 1 nay · Out of committee

Senate committee · Education K-16 · Committee vote 9 aye, 1 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Subjects

Amusements, Games, Sports

Education--Higher--Athletics

ATHLETE AGENTS

Text

The text as introduced · 917 words

89R16996 BEE-F

By: Tepper
H.B. No. 126

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the compensation and professional representation of

prospective student athletes and student athletes participating in

intercollegiate athletic programs at certain institutions of

higher education.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 51.9246, Education Code, is amended by

amending Subsections (c) and (g) and adding Subsections (c-2) and

(c-3) to read as follows:

(c) An institution to which this section applies may not[ :

[ (1) ] adopt or enforce a policy, requirement,

standard, or limitation that prohibits or otherwise prevents a

student athlete participating in an intercollegiate athletic

program at the institution from:

(1) [ (A) ] earning compensation for the use of the

student athlete's name, image, or likeness when the student athlete

is not engaged in official team activities, as that term is defined

by the institution; or

(2) [ (B) ] obtaining professional representation,

including representation by an attorney licensed to practice law in

this state, for contracts or other legal matters relating to the use

of the student athlete's name, image, or likeness[ ; or

[ (2) provide or solicit a prospective student athlete

of an intercollegiate athletic program at the institution with

compensation in relation to the prospective student athlete's name,

image, or likeness ].

(c-2) This subsection applies only to the extent of a

conflict between this section and a contract term, a rule, a

regulation, a standard, or any other requirement of or court order

applicable to a group or organization with authority over an

intercollegiate athletic program at an institution to which this

section applies, including an athletic association or an athletic

conference. Subject to Subsection (c-3), an institution to which

this section applies, a prospective student athlete, a student

athlete participating in an intercollegiate athletic program at an

institution to which this section applies, or any other individual

or entity may perform, allow the performance of, or participate in

an action authorized or required by:

(1) a group or organization with authority over an

intercollegiate athletic program at an institution to which this

section applies, including an athletic association or an athletic

conference; or

(2) a final court order applicable to a group or

organization described by Subdivision (1).

(c-3) An institution's, individual's, or entity's

performance or allowance of performance of or participation in an

action authorized by Subsection (c-2) subjects that institution,

individual, or entity to any applicable rule, including an

enforcement provision, adopted by the group or organization with

authority over an intercollegiate athletic program at an

institution to which this section applies, including an athletic

association or an athletic conference.

(g) A student athlete participating in an intercollegiate

athletic program at an institution to which this section applies:

(1) shall, before entering into the contract, disclose

to the institution, in the manner prescribed by the institution,

any proposed contract the student athlete may sign for use of the

student athlete's name, image, or likeness;

(2) may not enter into a contract for the use of the

student athlete's name, image, or likeness if:

(A) any provision of the contract conflicts with

a provision of the student athlete's team contract, a provision of

an institutional contract of the institution, a policy of the

athletic department of the institution, or a provision of the honor

code of the institution;

(B) the compensation for the use of the student

athlete's name, image, or likeness is provided:

(i) in exchange for athletic performance

[ or accepting an offer of admission to attend the institution;

[ (ii) by the institution;

[ (iii) in exchange for an act that occurs

while the athlete is engaged in an official team activity ]; or

(ii) [ (iv) ] in exchange for an endorsement

of alcohol, tobacco products, e-cigarettes or any other type of

nicotine delivery device, anabolic steroids, sports betting,

casino gambling, a firearm the student athlete cannot legally

purchase, or a sexually oriented business as defined in Section

243.002, Local Government Code; or

(C) the duration of the contract extends beyond

the student athlete's participation in the intercollegiate

athletic program;

(3) is not considered an employee of the institution

based on the student athlete's participation in the intercollegiate

athletic program;

(4) may earn compensation from selling the student

athlete's autograph in a manner that does not otherwise conflict

with a provision of this section; and

(5) may not use an institution's facility, uniform,

registered trademark, copyright-protected product, or official

logo, mark, or other indicia in connection with a contract for the

use of the student athlete's name, image, or likeness unless the

student athlete obtains the institution's express permission.

SECTION 2. Sections 51.9246(g-1) and (j), Education Code,

are repealed.

SECTION 3. The changes in law made by this Act apply only to

compensation for the use of a student athlete's name, image, or

likeness paid on or after the effective date of this Act.

Compensation for the use of a student athlete's name, image, or

likeness paid before the effective date of this Act is governed by

the law as it existed immediately before the effective date of this

Act, and that law is continued in effect for that purpose.

SECTION 4. This Act takes effect immediately if it receives

a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as

provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution. If this

Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this

Act takes effect September 1, 2025.