Monitoring the Session

HB 4157

Space Flight Bill Lets Crew Waive Claims, No Witness Needed

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: Smells

SmellsInitial review
Rep. Greg BonnenRHouse 24
Why it's charged
Pitch: Speech and lawfare

ACTUALLY

“A reciprocal waiver of claims between parties engaged in space flight activities under the Federal Aviation Regulations in 14 C.F.R. Section 440.17 is effective and enforceable in this state”…

Bill text, engrossed version (E)

The bill writes into state law a lawsuit shield for one industry, making federal-style waivers enforceable against contractors, customers and other parties, and lets crew sign away their claims too.

Pitch: Speech and lawfare

Initial review · graded Oct 22, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to liability protections for commercial space flight and exploration.

Caption from analyzed text · version E.

Summary

The statement of intent calls the waivers “essential to allow spaceflight companies to pursue innovation.”

The bill widens the liability waivers that space flight companies in Texas can use. Crew members now count as space flight participants who can sign away claims, waivers no longer need a witness, and reciprocal waivers under federal space rules are made enforceable, including waivers by contractors, subcontractors and customers. Space flight companies face fewer lawsuits from crew, passengers and business partners for injuries or losses that arise on or after September 1, 2025.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-HB4157 · 2025-03-10

SOLD BY

ITEM

relating to liability protections for commercial space flight and exploration.

WHAT IT DOES

The statement of intent calls the waivers “essential to allow spaceflight companies to pursue innovation.”

The bill widens the liability waivers that space flight companies in Texas can use. Crew members now count as space flight participants who can sign away claims, waivers no longer need a witness, and reciprocal waivers under federal space rules are made enforceable, including waivers by contractors, subcontractors and customers. Space flight companies face fewer lawsuits from crew, passengers and business partners for injuries or losses that arise on or after September 1, 2025.

CHARGES

[x] PITCH: SPEECH AND LAWFARE

ACTUALLY

“A reciprocal waiver of claims between parties engaged in space flight activities under the Federal Aviation Regulations in 14 C.F.R. Section 440.17 is effective and enforceable in this state”…

Bill text, engrossed version (E)

The bill writes into state law a lawsuit shield for one industry, making federal-style waivers enforceable against contractors, customers and other parties, and lets crew sign away their claims too.

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version E · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version E · May 16, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Filed
  2. Read first time
  3. Referred to Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence
  4. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  5. Considered in public hearing
  6. Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in committee
  7. Left pending in committee
  8. Considered in formal meeting
  9. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  10. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  11. Committee report distributed
  12. Committee report sent to Calendars
  13. Considered in Calendars
  14. Placed on General State Calendar
  15. Read 2nd time
  16. Passed to engrossment
  17. Record vote RV#1944
  18. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  19. Read 3rd time
  20. Passed
  21. Record vote RV#2028
  22. Reported engrossed
  23. Received from the House
  24. Read first time
  25. Referred to State Affairs
  26. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  27. Considered in public hearing
  28. Left pending in committee
  29. Considered in public hearing
  30. Vote taken in committee
  31. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  32. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  33. Committee report printed and distributed
  34. Placed on intent calendar
  35. Co-sponsor authorized
  36. Placed on local & uncontested calendar
  37. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  38. Record vote
  39. Read 2nd time & passed to 3rd reading
  40. Record vote
  41. Three day rule suspended
  42. Record vote
  43. Read 3rd time
  44. Passed
  45. Record vote
  46. Senate passage reported
  47. Reported enrolled
  48. Signed in the House
  49. Signed in the Senate
  50. Sent to the Governor
  51. Signed by the Governor
  52. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

SPEECH AND LAWFARE

THE TEXT

“A reciprocal waiver of claims between parties engaged in space flight activities under the Federal Aviation Regulations in 14 C.F.R. Section 440.17 is effective and enforceable in this state”…

Bill text, engrossed version (E)

The bill writes into state law a lawsuit shield for one industry, making federal-style waivers enforceable against contractors, customers and other parties, and lets crew sign away their claims too.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 125 yea · 5 nay

Senate · 28 yea · 3 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 10, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · May 27, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

Smells

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Donors report through Friends of Dr. Greg Bonnen.

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 1, 2024 to Oct 24, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

Votes6

Senate May 27, 2025

Yea
28
Nay
3
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 28, Nays 3. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 28 (published)
  • Nay: 3 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 27, 2025

Yea
28
Nay
3
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator A. Hinojosa moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that HB 4157 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 28, Nays 3.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 28 (published)
  • Nay: 3 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 27, 2025

Yea
28
Nay
3
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read second time and was passed to third reading by the following vote: Yeas 28, Nays 3. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 28 (published)
  • Nay: 3 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate May 27, 2025

Yea
28
Nay
3
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator A. Hinojosa moved to suspend the regular order of business to take up for consideration HB 4157 at this time on its second reading: HB 4157, Relating to liability protections for commercial space flight and exploration. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 28, Nays 3.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 28 (published)
  • Nay: 3 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 10, 2025

Yea
125
Nay
5
Present, not voting
2
Absent
2
Excused
16
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 2028

HB 4157 was passed by (Record 2028): 125 Yeas, 5 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 125 (published)
  • Nay: 5 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 2 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 16 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 9, 2025

Yea
125
Nay
6
Present, not voting
2
Absent
10
Excused
7
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 1944

HB 4157 was passed to engrossment by (Record 1944): 125 Yeas, 6 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 125 (published)
  • Nay: 6 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 10 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 7 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses6
For
5
Against
1
On
0
Names

For

  • City of HJouston1 registration
  • City of Houston1 registration
  • Firefly Aerospace1 registration
  • Starlab Space1 registration
  • Texas Association of Business1 registration

Against

  • Self1 registration
Sources

6 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

House witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version E · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version E · May 16, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Adversarial review by claude-opus-5-5 at high effort: sent to the editor.

Analysis of text version E by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 22, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas House · Filed Mar 10, 2025

06/20/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · House Committee Report · Engrossed · Senate Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:19 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Sponsors
Cosponsors

House committee · Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence · Committee vote 10 aye, 1 nay · Out of committee

Senate committee · State Affairs · Committee vote 10 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Companion

SB 2505 by Hinojosa, Adam (identical)

Subjects

Aeronautics

Civil Remedies & Liabilities

Text

The text as introduced · 336 words

89R12169 MZM-F

By: Bonnen
H.B. No. 4157

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to liability protections for commercial space flight and

exploration.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 100A.001(5), Civil Practice and Remedies

Code, is amended to read as follows:

(5) "Space flight participant" means an individual[ ,

who is not crew, ] carried aboard a spacecraft, launch vehicle, or

reentry vehicle.

SECTION 2. Section 100A.003(b), Civil Practice and Remedies

Code, is amended to read as follows:

(b) An agreement under Subsection (a) is considered

effective and enforceable if it is:

(1) in writing;

(2) in a document separate from any other agreement

between the space flight participant and the space flight entity

other than a different warning, consent, or assumption of risk

statement;

(3) printed in not less than 10-point bold type; and

(4) signed by the space flight participant on behalf

of the space flight participant and any heirs, executors,

administrators, representatives, attorneys, successors, and

assignees of the space flight participant[ ; and

[ (5) signed by a competent witness ].

SECTION 3. Chapter 100A, Civil Practice and Remedies Code,

is amended by adding Section 100A.005 to read as follows:

Sec. 100A.005. RECOGNITION OF RECIPROCAL WAIVER OF CLAIMS.

A reciprocal waiver of claims between parties engaged in space

flight activities under the Federal Aviation Regulations in 14

C.F.R. Section 440.17 is effective and enforceable in this state,

including a waiver by a contractor, subcontractor, or customer of

any party participating in a space flight activity.

SECTION 4. The change in law made by this Act applies only

to a cause of action that accrues on or after the effective date of

this Act. A cause of action that accrues before the effective date

of this Act is governed by the law applicable to the cause of action

immediately before the effective date of this Act, and that law is

continued in effect for that purpose.

SECTION 5. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.