Monitoring the Session

SB 1146

Birdwell’s bill lets owners hire pluggers for orphaned wells

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Sen. Brian BirdwellRSenate 22

Initial review · graded Oct 22, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the plugging or replugging of certain inactive wells subject to the jurisdiction of the Railroad Commission of Texas.

Caption from analyzed text · version H.

Summary

30 days’ notice, and the Commission approves the job.

The bill lets an oil and gas operator in good standing who holds a lease or mineral interest, or the surface owner of the land, hire a state-approved plugger to plug an orphaned well on that tract. The plugger must mail 30 days' notice and follow Railroad Commission rules, and the Commission must approve the finished job. The people who pay for the plugging are shielded from liability for it, their payment cannot be used as evidence that they owed the plugging, and the Commission must write rules to run the process.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB1146 · 2025-02-06

SOLD BY

+ 1 coauthor

ITEM

relating to the plugging or replugging of certain inactive wells subject to the jurisdiction of the Railroad Commission of Texas.

WHAT IT DOES

30 days’ notice, and the Commission approves the job.

The bill lets an oil and gas operator in good standing who holds a lease or mineral interest, or the surface owner of the land, hire a state-approved plugger to plug an orphaned well on that tract. The plugger must mail 30 days' notice and follow Railroad Commission rules, and the Commission must approve the finished job. The people who pay for the plugging are shielded from liability for it, their payment cannot be used as evidence that they owed the plugging, and the Commission must write rules to run the process.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version S · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version S · March 20, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to Natural Resources
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Considered in public hearing
  10. Vote taken in committee
  11. Reported favorably as substituted
  12. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  13. Committee report printed and distributed
  14. Co-author authorized
  15. Placed on intent calendar
  16. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  17. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  18. Vote recorded in Journal
  19. Three day rule suspended
  20. Record vote
  21. Read 3rd time
  22. Passed
  23. Record vote
  24. Reported engrossed
  25. Received from the Senate
  26. Read first time
  27. Referred to Energy Resources
  28. Considered in formal meeting
  29. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  30. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  31. Committee report distributed
  32. Committee report sent to Calendars
  33. Laid out in lieu of companion HB 3911
  34. Read 2nd time
  35. Passed to 3rd reading
  36. Record vote RV#2534
  37. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  38. Read 3rd time
  39. Passed
  40. Record vote RV#2599
  41. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  42. House passage reported
  43. Reported enrolled
  44. Signed in the Senate
  45. Signed in the House
  46. Sent to the Governor
  47. Signed by the Governor
  48. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 140 yea · 0 nay

Senate · 30 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 15, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Mar 27, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC Austin TX$30,000
Good Government Fund Fort Worth TX$10,000
Texas Oil & Gas Assn. Good Govt. Cmte Austin TX$10,000

Derived from itemized gifts, Jul 1, 2024 to Jun 30, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

$353,800 raised since Jul 1, 2024. Derived sum of published report totals. blank in the state's data, consistent with zero. Flow, Jul 1, 2024 through Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026. 4 of 4 filed reports carry a published figure.

$502,039 spent since Jul 1, 2024. Derived sum of published report totals. Flow, Jul 1, 2024 through Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026. 4 of 4 filed reports carry a published figure.

$731,044 cash on hand. Published report total. Stock, as of Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026.

$0 loans outstanding. Published report total. Stock, as of Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived sum of itemized contributions in regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Unitemized contributions are not included. Flow, Jul 1, 2024 through Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

Votes5

House May 15, 2025

Yea
140
Nay
0
Present, not voting
2
Absent
3
Excused
5
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 2599

SB 1146 was passed by (Record 2599): 140 Yeas, 0 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 140 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 3 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 5 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 14, 2025

Yea
134
Nay
0
Present, not voting
2
Absent
5
Excused
9
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 2534

SB 1146 was passed to third reading by (Record 2534): 134 Yeas, 0 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 134 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 5 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 9 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 27, 2025

Yea
30
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Names were not printed for yea. Only the named positions are included in member records.

Sources

The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 30, Nays 0. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 30 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 27, 2025

Yea
30
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Names were not printed for yea. Only the named positions are included in member records.

Sources

Senator Birdwell moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that CSSB 1146 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 30, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 30 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 27, 2025

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Names were not printed for yea. Only the named positions are included in member records.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

The bill was read second time and was passed to engrossment by a viva voce vote.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses21
For
17
Against
0
On
4
Names

For

  • Chevron1 registration
  • ConocoPhillips1 registration
  • Devon1 registration
  • Environmental Defense Fund1 registration
  • ExxonMobil1 registration
  • Fasken Oil and Ranch1 registration
  • Occidential Petroleum1 registration
  • Permian Basin Petroleum Association1 registration
  • Self2 registrations
  • Self; Commission Shift Action1 registration
  • Texas Alliance of Energy Producers1 registration
  • Texas Association of Business1 registration
  • Texas Farm Bureau1 registration
  • Texas Independent Producers & Royalty Owners Association (TIPRO)1 registration
  • Texas Oil and Gas Association1 registration
  • Texas Pacific Land Corp1 registration

On

  • Lone Star Chapter Sierra Club1 registration
  • Railroad Commission of Texas1 registration
  • Railroad commission of texas1 registration
  • Self1 registration
Sources

21 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version S · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version S · March 20, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version H by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 22, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Feb 6, 2025

05/28/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors

House committee · Energy Resources · Committee vote 10 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Natural Resources · Committee vote 8 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Companion

HB 3911 by Darby (identical)

Subjects

Civil Remedies & Liabilities

Environment--Water

Oil & Gas

RAILROAD COMMISSION

Text

The text as introduced · 523 words

89R8688 JAM-F

By: Birdwell
S.B. No. 1146

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the plugging or replugging of certain inactive wells

subject to the jurisdiction of the Railroad Commission of Texas.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 89.045, Natural Resources Code, is

amended to read as follows:

Sec. 89.045. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES. The commission and its

employees and agents, the operator, [ and ] the nonoperator , and any

private person who has paid money to the commission to plug or

replug a well under Section 89.084 are not liable for any damages

that may occur as a result of acts done or omitted to be done by them

or each of them in a good-faith effort to carry out this chapter.

SECTION 2. Subchapter C, Chapter 89, Natural Resources

Code, is amended by adding Section 89.049 to read as follows:

Sec. 89.049. PLUGGING OR REPLUGGING OF ORPHANED WELL BY OIL

AND GAS LESSEE OR MINERAL ESTATE OWNER. (a) In this section,

"operator in good standing" and "orphaned well" have the meanings

assigned by Section 89.047.

(b) An operator in good standing who is the owner of an

interest in a current oil and gas lease or the mineral estate of a

tract of land on which an orphaned well is located may contract with

a commission-approved well plugger to plug or replug the well.

(c) A well plugger who enters into a contract under

Subsection (b) shall:

(1) not later than the 30th day before the date the

well is to be plugged or replugged, mail notice of the plugger's

intent to plug or replug the well to the operator of the well at the

operator's address as shown by the records of the commission;

(2) assume responsibility for the physical operation

and control of the well as shown by a form filed with and approved by

the commission; and

(3) plug or replug the well in accordance with

commission rules.

(d) An operator in good standing who enters into a contract

under Subsection (b) does not assume responsibility for the

physical operation and control of the orphaned well and is not

liable for any plugging or replugging responsibility or damages

that may occur as a result of acts done or omitted to be done

relating to plugging or replugging the well under this section.

(e) Paying money to or contracting with a well plugger to

plug or replug an orphaned well under this section is not an

admission that the person paying the money or contracting for the

plugging or replugging of the well is obligated to plug or replug

the well. Evidence that a person has paid money to or contracted

with a well plugger to plug or replug a well under this section is

not admissible against the person in a suit in which the person's

obligation to plug or replug the well is an issue, and introducing

the evidence is a compulsory ground for mistrial.

(f) The commission shall adopt any rules reasonably

necessary to implement this section.

SECTION 3. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.