Monitoring the Session

SB 1860

Hughes Bill Exempts Private Schools From Harmful Material Law

Did not pass

Verdict: Smells

SmellsInitial review
Sen. Bryan HughesRSenate 1
Why it's charged
Carve-out

THE TEXT

“an institution of higher education or a private school, as that term is defined by Section 5.001, Education Code”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The exemption list now names private schools next to colleges, which takes one kind of entity out of the minor-protection law. This plain-text copy drops the underline marks, so it is not certain which words are new, and confidence stays low.

Carve-out

Initial review · graded Oct 20, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the applicability of laws protecting minors from harmful material on digital services.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Private schools sit next to colleges, banks and small businesses on the exempt list.

This bill rewrites the list of groups that are exempt from the state law shielding minors from harmful material on digital services. The list covers government bodies, banks, health entities, small businesses as the federal Small Business Administration defined them on September 1, 2024, colleges, private schools, education service providers, e-mail and messaging-only services, and news, sports or shopping sites where chat is incidental. Any entity on the list, including private schools as now written, is outside the minor-protection duties starting September 1, 2025.

Labels

Labels: GOT HALFWAY. Passed the Senate on Apr 24, 2025. Died in the House: voted out of the Trade, Workforce & Economic Development committee 10-0, no floor vote.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB1860 · 2025-03-04

SOLD BY

ITEM

relating to the applicability of laws protecting minors from harmful material on digital services.

WHAT IT DOES

Private schools sit next to colleges, banks and small businesses on the exempt list.

This bill rewrites the list of groups that are exempt from the state law shielding minors from harmful material on digital services. The list covers government bodies, banks, health entities, small businesses as the federal Small Business Administration defined them on September 1, 2024, colleges, private schools, education service providers, e-mail and messaging-only services, and news, sports or shopping sites where chat is incidental. Any entity on the list, including private schools as now written, is outside the minor-protection duties starting September 1, 2025.

CHARGES

[x] CARVE-OUTanalysis confidence 40%

THE TEXT

“an institution of higher education or a private school, as that term is defined by Section 5.001, Education Code”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The exemption list now names private schools next to colleges, which takes one kind of entity out of the minor-protection law. This plain-text copy drops the underline marks, so it is not certain which words are new, and confidence stays low.

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · March 30, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to State Affairs
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Considered in public hearing
  10. Vote taken in committee
  11. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  12. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  13. Committee report printed and distributed
  14. Placed on local & uncontested calendar
  15. Laid before the Senate
  16. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  17. Vote recorded in Journal
  18. Three day rule suspended
  19. Record vote
  20. Read 3rd time
  21. Passed
  22. Record vote
  23. Reported engrossed
  24. Received from the Senate
  25. Read first time
  26. Referred to Trade, Workforce & Economic Development
  27. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  28. Considered in public hearing
  29. Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in committee
  30. Left pending in committee
  31. Considered in public hearing
  32. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  33. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  34. Committee report distributed
  35. Committee report sent to Calendars
  36. Considered in Calendars
  37. Placed on General State Calendar
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

Senate · 31 yea · 0 nay

Sources

Senate: Final passage · Apr 24, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

Smells

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 1, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

GOPAC Election Fund$250,000.00

GOPAC Election Fund

$250,000.00

Cash
$250,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$250,000.00

Also funds 2 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101028838, 101071548.

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)$100,000.00

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 0 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101067724.

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC$100,000.00

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 32 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Feb 20, 2026 to Oct 14, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101071548.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

GOPAC Election Fund

$250,000.00

Cash
$250,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$250,000.00

Also funds 2 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101028838, 101071548.

×

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 0 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101067724.

×

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 32 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Feb 20, 2026 to Oct 14, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101071548.

Votes3

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Final passage

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records final passage. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

SB 1860 (Hughes) Relating to the applicability of laws protecting minors from harmful material on digital services. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Suspension of the three-day rule

Yea
31
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records suspension of the three-day rule. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

SB 1860 (Hughes) Relating to the applicability of laws protecting minors from harmful material on digital services. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 31 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Passage to engrossment

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records passage to engrossment. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

SB 1860 (Hughes) Relating to the applicability of laws protecting minors from harmful material on digital services. (viva voce vote) (31-0) (31-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses11
For
7
Against
2
On
2
Names

For

  • Self2 registrations
  • Self; Protecting texas children1 registration
  • Texas Catholic Conference of Bishops2 registrations
  • Texas Private Schools Association2 registrations

Against

  • ACLU of Texas1 registration
  • Self1 registration

On

  • Self2 registrations
Sources

11 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

House witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · March 30, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Mar 4, 2025

05/27/2025 H Placed on General State Calendar

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Sponsors

House committee · Trade, Workforce & Economic Development · Committee vote 10 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · State Affairs · Committee vote 10 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Subjects

Business & Commerce--General

Education--Higher--Private Schools

Minors--Health & Safety

Protection of Personal Information

EMAIL & ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS

Text

The text as introduced · 403 words

89R10745 MLH-D

By: Hughes
S.B. No. 1860

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the applicability of laws protecting minors from

harmful material on digital services.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 509.002(b), Business & Commerce Code, as

added by Chapter 795 (H.B. 18), Acts of the 88th Legislature,

Regular Session, 2023, is amended to read as follows:

(b) This chapter does not apply to:

(1) a state agency or a political subdivision of this

state;

(2) a financial institution or data subject to Title

V, Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (15 U.S.C. Section 6801 et seq.);

(3) a covered entity or business associate governed by

the privacy, security, and breach notification rules issued by the

United States Department of Health and Human Services, 45 C.F.R.

Parts 160 and 164, established under the Health Insurance

Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. Section 1320d

et seq.), and the Health Information Technology for Economic and

Clinical Health Act (Division A, Title XIII, and Division B, Title

IV, Pub. L. No. 111-5);

(4) a small business as defined by the United States

Small Business Administration on September 1, 2024;

(5) an institution of higher education or a private

school, as that term is defined by Section 5.001, Education Code ;

(6) a digital service provider who processes or

maintains user data in connection with the employment, promotion,

reassignment, or retention of the user as an employee or

independent contractor, to the extent that the user's data is

processed or maintained for that purpose;

(7) an operator or provider regulated by Subchapter D,

Chapter 32, Education Code, that primarily provides education

services to students or educational institutions;

(8) a person subject to the Family Educational Rights

and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g) that:

(A) operates a digital service; and

(B) primarily provides education services to

students or educational institutions;

(9) a digital service provider's provision of a

digital service that facilitates e-mail or direct messaging

services, if the digital service facilitates only those services;

or

(10) a digital service provider's provision of a

digital service that:

(A) primarily functions to provide a user with

access to news, sports, commerce, or content primarily generated or

selected by the digital service provider; and

(B) allows chat, comment, or other interactive

functionality that is incidental to the digital service.

SECTION 2. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.