Monitoring the Session

SB 2877

Hughes Election Fraud Bill Turns Counting Known-Invalid Votes Into Felonies

Died in committee

Verdict: Smells

SmellsReviewed
Sen. Bryan HughesRSenate 1
Why it's charged
Caption mismatch

THE TEXT

“count votes the person knows are invalid or alter”…

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The caption talks only about the penalty for election fraud, but the body also adds new prohibited conduct on vote counting and repeals two provisions. The caption does not mention either change.

Caption mismatch

Reviewed · Nov 1, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the penalty for the crime of election fraud; increasing a criminal penalty.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Class A misdemeanor becomes a second-degree felony. Two repealed sections go unexplained.

The bill raises the penalty for election fraud under the Election Code from a Class A misdemeanor to a second-degree felony, and to a first-degree felony when an elected official commits it while acting in office. It also adds two new kinds of prohibited conduct, counting votes known to be invalid and refusing to count votes known to be valid, and it repeals Section 276.013(c) and Section 276.014 without saying in the text what they did. Starting September 1, 2025, anyone convicted under this section faces felony prison ranges instead of county-jail misdemeanor time, and attempts become third-degree felonies.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB2877 · 2025-03-14

SOLD BY

+ 2 coauthors

ITEM

relating to the penalty for the crime of election fraud; increasing a criminal penalty.

WHAT IT DOES

Class A misdemeanor becomes a second-degree felony. Two repealed sections go unexplained.

The bill raises the penalty for election fraud under the Election Code from a Class A misdemeanor to a second-degree felony, and to a first-degree felony when an elected official commits it while acting in office. It also adds two new kinds of prohibited conduct, counting votes known to be invalid and refusing to count votes known to be valid, and it repeals Section 276.013(c) and Section 276.014 without saying in the text what they did. Starting September 1, 2025, anyone convicted under this section faces felony prison ranges instead of county-jail misdemeanor time, and attempts become third-degree felonies.

CHARGES

[x] CAPTION MISMATCHanalysis confidence 50%

THE TEXT

“count votes the person knows are invalid or alter”…

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The caption talks only about the penalty for election fraud, but the body also adds new prohibited conduct on vote counting and repeals two provisions. The caption does not mention either change.

TOTAL

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · April 13, 2025

The bill would expand conduct constituting and increase penalties for the offense of election fraud. It is assumed that any fiscal impact and any impact on state correctional populations or on the demand for state correctional resources would not be significant.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to State Affairs
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Left pending in committee
  8. Considered in public hearing
  9. Vote taken in committee
  10. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  11. Committee report printed and distributed
  12. Co-author authorized
  13. Placed on intent calendar
  14. Co-author authorized
  15. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  16. Record vote
  17. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  18. Record vote
  19. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  20. Record vote
  21. Read 3rd time
  22. Passed
  23. Record vote
  24. Reported engrossed
  25. Received from the Senate
  26. Read first time
  27. Referred to Elections
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

Senate · 21 yea · 10 nay

Sources

Senate: Final passage · Apr 29, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

Smells

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 1, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

GOPAC Election Fund$250,000.00

GOPAC Election Fund

$250,000.00

Cash
$250,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$250,000.00

Also funds 2 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101028838, 101071548.

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)$100,000.00

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 0 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101067724.

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC$100,000.00

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 32 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Feb 20, 2026 to Oct 14, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101071548.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

GOPAC Election Fund

$250,000.00

Cash
$250,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$250,000.00

Also funds 2 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Jul 17, 2025 to Oct 15, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101028838, 101071548.

×

CRAFTPAC (Court Reform Action for Texas Families)

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 0 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Sep 4, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101067724.

×

Court Reform Action for Families Texas PAC

$100,000.00

Cash
$100,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$100,000.00

Also funds 32 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Feb 20, 2026 to Oct 14, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · on Oct 13, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101071548.

Votes4

Senate Apr 29, 2025

Yea
21
Nay
10
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 21, Nays 10. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 21 (published)
  • Nay: 10 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 29, 2025

Yea
21
Nay
10
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator Hughes moved to suspend the regular order of business to take up for consideration SB 2877 at this time on its third reading and final passage: SB 2877, Relating to the penalty for the crime of election fraud; increasing a criminal penalty. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 21, Nays 10.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 21 (published)
  • Nay: 10 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 28, 2025

Yea
21
Nay
10
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read second time and was passed to engrossment by the following vote: Yeas 21, Nays 10. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 21 (published)
  • Nay: 10 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 28, 2025

Yea
21
Nay
10
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator Hughes moved to suspend the regular order of business to take up for consideration SB 2877 at this time on its second reading: SB 2877, Relating to the penalty for the crime of election fraud; increasing a criminal penalty. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 21, Nays 10.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 21 (published)
  • Nay: 10 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses15
For
5
Against
9
On
1
Names

For

  • Self3 registrations
  • Self; Harris county ballot securing1 registration
  • True texas elections1 registration

Against

  • ACLU of Texas1 registration
  • Self7 registrations
  • Texas Civil Rights Project1 registration

On

  • Texas Secretary of State1 registration
Sources

15 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · April 13, 2025

The bill would expand conduct constituting and increase penalties for the offense of election fraud. It is assumed that any fiscal impact and any impact on state correctional populations or on the demand for state correctional resources would not be significant.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Mar 14, 2025

04/30/2025 H Referred to Elections: Apr 30 2025 7:31PM

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed

Data snapshot Nov 1, 2026 at 3:19 PM CST. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors

House committee · Elections · Final status: Died in committee

Senate committee · State Affairs · Committee vote 9 aye, 1 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Companion

HB 5115 by Shaheen (identical)

Subjects

Crimes--Miscellaneous

Elections--General

FRAUD

Text

The text as introduced · 522 words

89R7783 MLH-D

By: Hughes
S.B. No. 2877

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the penalty for the crime of election fraud; increasing

a criminal penalty.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Sections 276.013(a) and (b), Election Code, are

amended to read as follows:

(a) A person commits an offense if the person knowingly or

intentionally makes any effort to:

(1) influence the independent exercise of the vote of

another in the presence of the ballot or during the voting process,

including by altering the ballot of another or by otherwise causing

a ballot to not reflect the intent of the voter;

(2) cause a voter to become registered, a ballot to be

obtained, or a vote to be cast under false pretenses;

(3) cause any false or intentionally misleading

statement, representation, or information to be provided:

(A) to an election official; or

(B) on an application for ballot by mail, carrier

envelope, or any other official election-related form or document;

(4) prevent a voter from casting a legal ballot in an

election in which the voter is eligible to vote;

(5) provide false information to a voter with the

intent of preventing the voter from voting in an election in which

the voter is eligible to vote;

(6) cause the ballot not to reflect the intent of the

voter;

(7) cause a ballot to be voted for another person that

the person knows to be deceased or otherwise knows not to be a

qualified or registered voter;

(8) cause or enable a vote to be cast more than once in

the same election; [ or ]

(9) discard or destroy a voter's completed ballot

without the voter's consent ;

(10) count votes the person knows are invalid or alter

a report to include votes the person knows are invalid; or

(11) refuse to count votes the person knows are valid

or alter a report to exclude votes the person knows are valid .

(b) An offense under this section is a felony of the second

degree [ Class A misdemeanor ], unless:

(1) the person committed the offense while acting in

the person's capacity as an elected official, in which case the

offense is a [ state jail ] felony of the first degree ; or

(2) the person is convicted of an attempt, in which

case the offense is a felony of the third degree [ Class B

misdemeanor ].

SECTION 2. The following provisions of the Election Code

are repealed:

(1) Section 276.013(c); and

(2) Section 276.014.

SECTION 3. The changes in law made by this Act apply only to

an offense committed on or after the effective date of this Act. An

offense committed before the effective date of this Act is governed

by the law in effect when the offense was committed, and the former

law is continued in effect for that purpose. For purposes of this

section, an offense was committed before the effective date of this

Act if any element of the offense occurred before that date.

SECTION 4. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.