Monitoring the Session

SB 401

Paxton Bill’s Home-School Mandate Comes With A Board Opt-Out

Became law

Verdict: Smells

SmellsReviewed
Sen. Angela PaxtonRSenate 8
Why it's charged
The hole

THE TEXT

“A board of trustees of a school district may decline”…

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The new 'shall' duty under the 'equal opportunity' heading lets any school board opt out by simple majority vote. A fallback sends the student to the nearest school that has not opted out, so the hole is partly closed, but no district is actually bound.

The hole

Reviewed · Nov 1, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the participation by non-enrolled students in University Interscholastic League-sponsored activities.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Schools must let home-schoolers join. Boards “may decline” by majority vote. No district is actually bound.

The bill changes state law so that a public school taking part in University Interscholastic League activities must let home-schooled and other private-school students in its attendance zone join those activities, where before it only had the option. A school board can still opt out by a majority record vote, and then those students may play for the closest public school that has not opted out. It also bars new state rules on these students' education programs adopted after January 1, 2021, from being imposed as a condition of play, and it applies starting with the 2025-2026 school year.

Labels

Labels: INSTANT LAW. Took effect immediately, on Jun 20, 2025. 833 of the 1,185 graded 89R laws took effect Sep 1, 2025 (derived from the bill histories, snapshot Oct 19, 2026).

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB401 · 2024-11-21

SOLD BY

+ 2 coauthors

ITEM

relating to the participation by non-enrolled students in University Interscholastic League-sponsored activities.

WHAT IT DOES

Schools must let home-schoolers join. Boards “may decline” by majority vote. No district is actually bound.

The bill changes state law so that a public school taking part in University Interscholastic League activities must let home-schooled and other private-school students in its attendance zone join those activities, where before it only had the option. A school board can still opt out by a majority record vote, and then those students may play for the closest public school that has not opted out. It also bars new state rules on these students' education programs adopted after January 1, 2021, from being imposed as a condition of play, and it applies starting with the 2025-2026 school year.

CHARGES

[x] THE HOLEanalysis confidence 45%

THE TEXT

“A board of trustees of a school district may decline”…

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The new 'shall' duty under the 'equal opportunity' heading lets any school board opt out by simple majority vote. A fallback sends the student to the nearest school that has not opted out, so the hole is partly closed, but no district is actually bound.

TOTAL

No fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version E · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version E · May 7, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to Education K-16
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Considered in public hearing
  10. Vote taken in committee
  11. Reported favorably as substituted
  12. Committee report printed and distributed
  13. Co-author authorized
  14. Placed on intent calendar
  15. Co-author authorized
  16. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  17. Record vote
  18. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  19. Record vote
  20. Three day rule suspended
  21. Record vote
  22. Read 3rd time
  23. Passed
  24. Record vote
  25. Reported engrossed
  26. Received from the Senate
  27. Read first time
  28. Referred to Public Education
  29. Considered in public hearing
  30. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  31. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  32. Committee report distributed
  33. Committee report sent to Calendars
  34. Considered in Calendars
  35. Placed on General State Calendar
  36. Read 2nd time
  37. Passed to 3rd reading
  38. Record vote RV#3629
  39. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  40. Read 3rd time
  41. Passed
  42. Record vote RV#3674
  43. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  44. House passage reported
  45. Reported enrolled
  46. Signed in the Senate
  47. Signed in the House
  48. Sent to the Governor
  49. Signed by the Governor
  50. Effective immediately
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 104 yea · 35 nay

Senate · 23 yea · 8 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 27, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Apr 28, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

Smells

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

James Stanton$47,500Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$40KGary Blake$30,000

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Oct 27, 2024 to Jun 30, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

James Stanton$47,500.00
Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$40,000.00

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$40,000.00

Cash
$40,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$40,000.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 11, 2024 to Jun 30, 2025. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100982305, 101012314.

Gary Blake$30,000.00
Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$40,000.00

Cash
$40,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$40,000.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 11, 2024 to Jun 30, 2025. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100982305, 101012314.

Votes6

House May 27, 2025

Yea
104
Nay
35
Present, not voting
3
Absent
5
Excused
3
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3674

SB 401 was passed by (Record 3674): 104 Yeas, 35 Nays, 3 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 104 (published)
  • Nay: 35 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 3 (published)
  • Absent: 5 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 3 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 27, 2025

Yea
109
Nay
28
Present, not voting
2
Absent
10
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3629

SB 401 was passed to third reading by (Record 3629): 109 Yeas, 28 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 109 (published)
  • Nay: 28 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 10 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 28, 2025

Yea
23
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 23, Nays 8.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 23 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 28, 2025

Yea
25
Nay
6
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator Paxton moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that CSSB 401 be placed on its third reading and final passage: CSSB 401, Relating to participation by non-enrolled students in University Interscholastic League-sponsored activities. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 25, Nays 6.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 25 (published)
  • Nay: 6 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 28, 2025

Yea
23
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read second time and was passed to engrossment by the following vote: Yeas 23, Nays 8. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 23 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 28, 2025

Yea
23
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator Paxton moved to suspend the regular order of business to take up for consideration CSSB 401 at this time on its second reading: CSSB 401, Relating to participation by non-enrolled students in University Interscholastic League-sponsored activities. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 23, Nays 8.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 23 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses14
For
7
Against
4
On
3
Names

For

  • Self4 registrations
  • Self; Texas Homeschool Coalition1 registration
  • Texas Home School Coalition1 registration
  • The Texas Catholic Conference of Bishops1 registration

Against

  • Self1 registration
  • Texas Association of Community Schools1 registration
  • Texas Association of School Administrators1 registration
  • Texas High School Coaches Association1 registration

On

  • TEA1 registration
  • Texas Education Agency1 registration
  • University Interscholastic League1 registration
Sources

14 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version E · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version E · May 7, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Nov 21, 2024

06/20/2025 E Effective immediately

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Nov 1, 2026 at 2:03 PM CST. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors

House committee · Public Education · Committee vote 11 aye, 1 nay, 3 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Education K-16 · Committee vote 10 aye, 1 nay · Out of committee

Companion

HB 775 by Frank (identical)

Subjects

Education--Primary & Secondary--Admission & Attendance

Education--Primary & Secondary--Extracurricular Activities

Education--School Districts

UNIVERSITY INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE

Text

The text as introduced · 1,105 words

By: Paxton
S.B. No. 401

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the participation by non-enrolled students in

University Interscholastic League-sponsored activities.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 33.0832, Education Code, is amended to

read as follows:

Sec. 33.0832. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR CERTAIN STUDENTS TO

PARTICIPATE IN UNIVERSITY INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE ACTIVITIES. (a)

In this section:

(1) "League" means the University Interscholastic

League.

(2) "Non-enrolled student" means a student who

receives instruction as described by Section 29.916 (a)(1) from a

nonpublic school.

(b) Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the

holding in Texas Educ. Agency v. Leeper, 893 S.W.2d 432 (Tex. 1994),

classifying home schools as private schools. The legislature finds

that a home school is a private school for purposes of this section.

(c) Except as provided by Subsection s (c-2) and (i), a

public school that participates in an activity sponsored by the

league shall[ may] provide a non-enrolled student, who otherwise

meets league eligibility standards to represent that school in a

league activity, with the opportunity to participate in the

activity on behalf of the school in the same manner that the school

provides the opportunity to participate to students enrolled in the

school.

(c-1) When assigning league classification to a public

school based on student enrollment, the league must use the same

student enrollment calculation formula for a school that allows a

non-enrolled student to participate in a league activity as

provided by Subsection (c) as the formula used to determine the

student enrollment of a school that does not allow a non-enrolled

student to participate in the league activity.

(c-2) A board of trustees of a school district may decline

to grant non-enrolled students access to league activities at a

campus of the district or school by taking a record vote that

receives the support of a majority of the trustees.

(d) A non-enrolled student who seeks to participate or

participates in a league activity on behalf of a school is subject

to the following relevant policies that apply to students enrolled

in the school:

(1) registration for league activities;

(2) age eligibility;

(3) fees;

(4) insurance;

(5) transportation;

(6) physical condition;

(7) qualifications;

(8) responsibilities;

(9) event schedules;

(10) standards of behavior; and

(11) performance.

(e) Except as provided by (e-1), a[ A] non-enrolled student

may only participate in a league activity for the school in the

school district that the student would be eligible to attend based

on the student's residential address. A non-enrolled student who

seeks to participate in a league activity on behalf of a school

shall be required to establish minimum proof of residency

acceptable to the district in the same manner as an applicant to

attend a school in the district under Section 25.001 .

(e-1) If a school has declined to grant non-enrolled

students access to league activities as described in Subsection

(c-2), a non-enrolled student eligible to attend that school based

on their residential address may participate in a league activity

for the public school closest to their residential address that has

not declined to grant non-enrolled students access to league

activities as described by Subsection (c-2).

(f) The parent or person standing in parental relation to a

non-enrolled student is responsible for oversight of academic

standards relating to the student's participation in a league

activity. As a condition of eligibility to participate in a league

activity during the first six weeks of a school year, a non-enrolled

student must demonstrate grade-level academic proficiency on any

nationally recognized, norm-referenced assessment instrument, such

as the Iowa Test of Basic Skills, Stanford Achievement Test,

California Achievement Test, or Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills.

A non-enrolled student demonstrates the required academic

proficiency by achieving a composite, core, or survey score that is

within the average or higher than average range of scores, as

established by the applicable testing service. For purposes of 25

this subsection, a school district shall accept assessment results

administered or reported by a third party.

(g) A non-enrolled student's demonstration of academic

proficiency under Subsection (f) is sufficient for purposes of that

subsection for the school year in which the student achieves the

required score and the subsequent school year.

(h) After the first six weeks of a school year, the parent or

person standing in parental relation to a non-enrolled student

participating in a league activity on behalf of a public school must

periodically, in accordance with the school's grading calendar,

provide written verification to the school indicating that the

student is receiving a passing grade in each course or subject being

taught.

(i) A non-enrolled student is not authorized by this section

to participate in a league activity during the remainder of any

school year during which the student was previously enrolled in a

public school.

(j) The league may not prohibit a non-enrolled student from

participating in league activities in the manner authorized by this

section.

(k) With respect to a non-enrolled student's education

program, nothing in this section shall be construed to permit an

agency of this state, a public school district, or any other

governmental body to exercise control, regulatory authority, or

supervision over a non-enrolled student or a parent or person

standing in parental relation to a non-enrolled student beyond the

control, regulatory authority, or supervision required to

participate in a league activity.

(l) Subject only to eligibility requirements under this

section for a non-enrolled student to participate in a league

activity:

(1) the curriculum or assessment requirements,

performance standards, practices, or creed of the education program

provided to a non-enrolled student may not be required to be changed

in order for the non-enrolled student to participate in a league

activity; and

(2) for a non-enrolled student participating in an 26

education program on January 1, 2021, the education program

provided to that student may not be required to comply with any

state law or agency rule relating to that education program unless

the law or rule was in effect on January 1, 2021.

(m) Notwithstanding any other law, a non-enrolled student

who participates in a league activity under this section is subject

to the immunization requirements and exceptions of Section 38.001

in the same manner as a public school student.

SECTION 2. This Act applies beginning with the 2025-2026

school year.

SECTION 3. This Act takes effect immediately if it receives

a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as

provided by Section 39 , Article III, Texas Constitution. If this

Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this

Act takes effect September 1, 2025.