Monitoring the Session

SB 870

uniformed school marshals can open carry

Became law

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Sen. Brian BirdwellRSenate 22

Initial review · graded Oct 20, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the open carrying of a handgun by a uniformed school marshal.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

The uniform must say school marshal.

The bill lets school marshals at public schools, charter schools, private schools and public junior colleges openly carry a handgun when they wear a uniform that identifies them as a school marshal. It touches school boards and college governing boards, whose written marshal rules must now allow open carry alongside concealed carry or locked storage. On the ground, a uniformed marshal can wear a visible holstered handgun on campus starting with the 2025-2026 school year, still loaded only with frangible ammunition approved by the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement.

Labels

Labels: INSTANT LAW. Took effect immediately, on May 19, 2025. 833 of the 1,185 graded 89R laws took effect Sep 1, 2025 (derived from the bill histories, snapshot Oct 19, 2026).BACK FROM THE DEAD. Same text as a bill filed before that died: 88R HB 4007 by Rep. Slawson (Did not pass). Filed in 2 sessions, counting this one. Checked against 88R only.TRY NO. 2. Filed in 2 sessions: 88R and 89R. Checked against 88R only.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB870 · 2025-01-22

SOLD BY

+ 2 coauthors

ITEM

relating to the open carrying of a handgun by a uniformed school marshal.

WHAT IT DOES

The uniform must say school marshal.

The bill lets school marshals at public schools, charter schools, private schools and public junior colleges openly carry a handgun when they wear a uniform that identifies them as a school marshal. It touches school boards and college governing boards, whose written marshal rules must now allow open carry alongside concealed carry or locked storage. On the ground, a uniformed marshal can wear a visible holstered handgun on campus starting with the 2025-2026 school year, still loaded only with frangible ammunition approved by the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · March 24, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to Education K-16
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Considered in public hearing
  10. Vote taken in committee
  11. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  12. Committee report printed and distributed
  13. Co-author authorized
  14. Placed on intent calendar
  15. Co-author authorized
  16. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  17. Record vote
  18. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  19. Record vote
  20. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  21. Record vote
  22. Read 3rd time
  23. Passed
  24. Record vote
  25. Reported engrossed
  26. Received from the Senate
  27. Read first time
  28. Referred to Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs
  29. Considered in public hearing
  30. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  31. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  32. Committee report distributed
  33. Committee report sent to Calendars
  34. Laid out in lieu of companion HB 3924
  35. Read 2nd time
  36. Point of order withdrawn Rule 4, Section 32(c)(1)
  37. Passed to 3rd reading
  38. Nonrecord vote recorded in Journal
  39. Read 3rd time
  40. Passed
  41. Record vote RV#1488
  42. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  43. House passage reported
  44. Reported enrolled
  45. Signed in the Senate
  46. Signed in the House
  47. Sent to the Governor
  48. Signed by the Governor
  49. Effective immediately
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 110 yea · 35 nay

Senate · 23 yea · 8 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 6, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Apr 24, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC Austin TX$30,000
Good Government Fund Fort Worth TX$10,000
Texas Oil & Gas Assn. Good Govt. Cmte Austin TX$10,000

Derived from itemized gifts, Jul 1, 2024 to Jun 30, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

$353,800 raised since Jul 1, 2024. Derived sum of published report totals. blank in the state's data, consistent with zero. Flow, Jul 1, 2024 through Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026. 4 of 4 filed reports carry a published figure.

$502,039 spent since Jul 1, 2024. Derived sum of published report totals. Flow, Jul 1, 2024 through Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026. 4 of 4 filed reports carry a published figure.

$731,044 cash on hand. Published report total. Stock, as of Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026.

$0 loans outstanding. Published report total. Stock, as of Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived sum of itemized contributions in regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Unitemized contributions are not included. Flow, Jul 1, 2024 through Jun 30, 2026. State filing data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

Votes5

House May 6, 2025

Yea
110
Nay
35
Present, not voting
1
Absent
4
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 1488

SB 870 was passed by (Record 1488): 110 Yeas, 35 Nays, 1 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 110 (published)
  • Nay: 35 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 1 (published)
  • Absent: 4 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Yea
23
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 23, Nays 8. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 23 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 24, 2025

Yea
23
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator Birdwell moved to suspend the regular order of business to take up for consideration SB 870 at this time on its third reading and final passage: SB 870, Relating to the open carrying of a handgun by a uniformed school marshal. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 23, Nays 8.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 23 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 23, 2025

Yea
23
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read second time and was passed to engrossment by the following vote: Yeas 23, Nays 8. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 23 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 23, 2025

Yea
23
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator Birdwell moved to suspend the regular order of business to take up for consideration SB 870 at this time on its second reading: SB 870, Relating to the open carrying of a handgun by a uniformed school marshal. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 23, Nays 8.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 23 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses18
For
7
Against
6
On
5
Names

For

  • Association of Texas Professional Educators (ATPE)1 registration
  • Self1 registration
  • Self; Gun Owners of America1 registration
  • Self; Houston Police Officers’ Union1 registration
  • Texas Association of Community Schools1 registration
  • Texas Association of School Administrators1 registration
  • Texas Association of School Boards1 registration

Against

  • Self1 registration
  • Self; Texas AFT1 registration
  • Self; Texas Association of School Psychologists1 registration
  • Self; Texas center for justice & equity1 registration
  • Self; Texas Gun Sense1 registration
  • Texas Appleseed1 registration

On

  • Self1 registration
  • TEA2 registrations
  • Texas Attorney Generals Office1 registration
  • Texas Commission on Law Enforcement1 registration
Sources

18 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · March 24, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

FILED BEFORE

Filed 2 times: 88R and 89R. Checked against 88R only.

88R HB 4007

by Rep. Slawson, different lead author · Did not pass · same text

Introduced text

Last action, May 11, 2023: Placed on General State Calendar

Relating to the open carrying of a handgun by a uniformed school marshal.

Caption, 88R bill history

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Jan 22, 2025

05/19/2025 E Effective immediately

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors

House committee · Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs · Committee vote 10 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Education K-16 · Committee vote 9 aye, 2 nay · Out of committee

Companion

HB 3924 by Slawson (identical)

HB 5054 by Leach (identical)

Subjects

Education--Primary & Secondary--Other School Personnel

Law Enforcement

Weapons

Text

The text as introduced · 750 words

89R5972 JDK-D

By: Birdwell
S.B. No. 870

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the open carrying of a handgun by a uniformed school

marshal.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Sections 37.0811(c) and (d), Education Code, are

amended to read as follows:

(c) A school marshal appointed by the board of trustees of a

school district or the governing body of an open-enrollment charter

school may carry [ a concealed handgun ] or possess a handgun on the

physical premises of a school, but only:

(1) in the manner provided by written regulations

adopted by the board of trustees or the governing body; and

(2) at a specific school as specified by the board of

trustees or governing body, as applicable.

(d) Any written regulations adopted for purposes of

Subsection (c) must :

(1) provide that a school marshal may :

(A) carry a concealed handgun on the school

marshal's person ;

(B) if wearing a uniform identifying the marshal

as a school marshal, openly carry a handgun on the school marshal's

person; or

(C) possess the handgun on the physical premises

of a school in a locked and secured safe or other locked and secured

location ; and

(2) [ . The written regulations must also ] require

that a handgun carried or possessed by a school marshal [ may ] be

loaded only with frangible duty ammunition approved for that

purpose by the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement.

SECTION 2. Sections 37.0813(c) and (d), Education Code, are

amended to read as follows:

(c) A school marshal appointed by the governing body of a

private school may carry [ a concealed handgun ] or possess a handgun

on the physical premises of a school, but only in the manner

provided by written regulations adopted by the governing body.

(d) Any written regulations adopted for purposes of

Subsection (c) must :

(1) provide that a school marshal may :

(A) carry a concealed handgun on the school

marshal's person ;

(B) if wearing a uniform identifying the marshal

as a school marshal, openly carry a handgun on the school marshal's

person; or

(C) possess the handgun on the physical premises

of a school in a locked and secured safe or other locked and secured

location ; and

(2) [ . The written regulations must also ] require

that a handgun carried or possessed by a school marshal [ may ] be

loaded only with frangible duty ammunition approved for that

purpose by the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement.

SECTION 3. Section 51.220(d), Education Code, is amended to

read as follows:

(d) A school marshal appointed by the governing board of a

public junior college may carry [ a concealed handgun ] or possess a

handgun on the physical premises of a public junior college campus,

but only:

(1) in the manner provided by written regulations

adopted by the governing board; and

(2) at a specific public junior college campus as

specified by the governing board.

SECTION 4. Section 51.220(e), Education Code, as amended by

Chapters 795 (H.B. 781) and 851 (S.B. 741), Acts of the 87th

Legislature, Regular Session, 2021, is reenacted and amended to

read as follows:

(e) Any written regulations adopted for purposes of

Subsection (d):

(1) must [ :

[ (A) ] authorize a school marshal to :

(A) carry a concealed handgun [ as described by

Subsection (d) ] on the school marshal's person ;

(B) if wearing a uniform identifying the marshal

as a school marshal, openly carry a handgun on the school marshal's

person; or

(C) possess the handgun on the physical premises

of a public junior college campus in a locked and secured safe or

other locked and secured location; [ and ]

(2) must [ (B) ] require that a handgun carried or

possessed by a school marshal [ to ] be loaded only with frangible

duty ammunition approved for that purpose by the Texas Commission

on Law Enforcement; and

(3) [ (2) ] may not require a school marshal to store

the handgun in a locked container while on duty.

SECTION 5. This Act applies beginning with the 2025-2026

school year.

SECTION 6. This Act takes effect immediately if it receives

a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as

provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution. If this

Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this

Act takes effect September 1, 2025.