Monitoring the Session

SB 916

ambulance surprise-billing protections get two more years

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: No flags

No flagsInitial review
Sen. Judith ZaffiriniDSenate 21

Initial review · graded Oct 20, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to consumer protections against certain medical and health care billing by emergency medical services providers.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Expiration moves from September 1, 2025 to September 1, 2027.

The bill keeps Texas's ambulance surprise-billing protections alive two more years, moving their expiration from September 1, 2025 to September 1, 2027. It lets the state health department revoke, suspend, or refuse to renew the license of an emergency medical services provider, including a government-run one, that intentionally submits incorrect rate information or repeatedly breaks the ambulance billing rules for health plans. It also replaces the old rule that health plans must raise ambulance payments each year with a cap that lets local governments raise their submitted ambulance rates by no more than the lesser of the Medicare ambulance inflation factor or 10 percent.

Labels

Labels: CROSS-PARTY HANDOFF. Lead author Judith Zaffirini (D) in the Senate. Lead sponsor David Spiller (R) in the House. Party as the Legislative Reference Library lists it for the 89th Legislature.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB916 · 2025-01-24

SOLD BY

+ 1 coauthor

ITEM

relating to consumer protections against certain medical and health care billing by emergency medical services providers.

WHAT IT DOES

Expiration moves from September 1, 2025 to September 1, 2027.

The bill keeps Texas's ambulance surprise-billing protections alive two more years, moving their expiration from September 1, 2025 to September 1, 2027. It lets the state health department revoke, suspend, or refuse to renew the license of an emergency medical services provider, including a government-run one, that intentionally submits incorrect rate information or repeatedly breaks the ambulance billing rules for health plans. It also replaces the old rule that health plans must raise ambulance payments each year with a cap that lets local governments raise their submitted ambulance rates by no more than the lesser of the Medicare ambulance inflation factor or 10 percent.

CHARGES

[ ] NONE FOUND

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · March 4, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to Health & Human Services
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Considered in public hearing
  10. Vote taken in committee
  11. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  12. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  13. Committee report printed and distributed
  14. Co-author authorized
  15. Placed on intent calendar
  16. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  17. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  18. Vote recorded in Journal
  19. Three day rule suspended
  20. Record vote
  21. Read 3rd time
  22. Passed
  23. Record vote
  24. Reported engrossed
  25. Received from the Senate
  26. Read first time
  27. Referred to Insurance
  28. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  29. Considered in public hearing
  30. Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in committee
  31. Left pending in committee
  32. Considered in public hearing
  33. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  34. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  35. Committee report distributed
  36. Committee report sent to Calendars
  37. Considered in Calendars
  38. Placed on General State Calendar
  39. Read 2nd time
  40. Passed to 3rd reading
  41. Record vote RV#3174
  42. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  43. Read 3rd time
  44. Passed
  45. Record vote RV#3205
  46. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  47. House passage reported
  48. Reported enrolled
  49. Signed in the Senate
  50. Signed in the House
  51. Sent to the Governor
  52. Signed by the Governor
  53. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 144 yea · 0 nay

Senate · 30 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 22, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Mar 27, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

No flags

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 1, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Carlos M. Zaffirini Jr$110,000.00
Killam Development Ltd.$72,700.00

Killam Development Ltd.

$72,700.00

Cash
$10,000.00
Paid by others
$62,700.00
Total
$72,700.00
advertising $33,000.00media $29,700.00

Also funds 3 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Dec 9, 2024 to Sep 28, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 16, 2025 to Aug 20, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101011018, 101057658.

Texas Trial Lawyers Association PAC$60,000.00

Texas Trial Lawyers Association PAC

$60,000.00

Cash
$60,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$60,000.00

Also funds 137 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 24, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Nov 11, 2024 to Aug 31, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100959783, 100987492, 101011018, 101035338, 101057658.

Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Killam Development Ltd.

$72,700.00

Cash
$10,000.00
Paid by others
$62,700.00
Total
$72,700.00
advertising $33,000.00media $29,700.00

Also funds 3 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Dec 9, 2024 to Sep 28, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Name match, not a verified identity: normalized filed name and state.

Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 16, 2025 to Aug 20, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101011018, 101057658.

×

Texas Trial Lawyers Association PAC

$60,000.00

Cash
$60,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$60,000.00

Also funds 137 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 24, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Nov 11, 2024 to Aug 31, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 100959783, 100987492, 101011018, 101035338, 101057658.

Votes5

House May 22, 2025

Yea
144
Nay
0
Present, not voting
2
Absent
2
Excused
2
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3205

SB 916 was passed by (Record 3205): 144 Yeas, 0 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 144 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 2 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 2 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 21, 2025

Yea
142
Nay
0
Present, not voting
2
Absent
4
Excused
2
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3174

SB 916 was passed to third reading by (Record 3174): 142 Yeas, 0 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 142 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 4 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 2 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 27, 2025

Yea
30
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Names were not printed for yea. Only the named positions are included in member records.

Sources

The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 30, Nays 0. (Same as previous roll call)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 30 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 27, 2025

Yea
30
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Names were not printed for yea. Only the named positions are included in member records.

Sources

Senator Zaffirini moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that SB 916 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 30, Nays 0.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 30 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 27, 2025

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Names were not printed for yea. Only the named positions are included in member records.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

The bill was read second time and was passed to engrossment by a viva voce vote.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses38
For
33
Against
0
On
5
Names

For

  • AARP Texas2 registrations
  • America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP)1 registration
  • Burleson Fire Department, City of Burleson1 registration
  • City of Burleson, Texas1 registration
  • City of Fort Worth1 registration
  • City of Houston2 registrations
  • Global Medical Response1 registration
  • Methodist Healthcare Ministries1 registration
  • National Association of Benefits and Insurance Professionals (NABIP- TX)1 registration
  • National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB)1 registration
  • Self; Coalition of Texans with Disabilities1 registration
  • Self; Global Medical Response1 registration
  • Self; Texas Association of Benefit Administrators1 registration
  • Self; Texas EMS Alliance1 registration
  • Self; Uvalde EMS; Texas Ambulance Association1 registration
  • Texans for Affordable Healthcare2 registrations
  • Texas Ambulance Association2 registrations
  • Texas Association of Business2 registrations
  • Texas Association of Health Plans2 registrations
  • Texas coalition for patients1 registration
  • Texas EMS Alliance1 registration
  • Texas Health Resouces1 registration
  • Texas Healthcare and Bioscience Institute1 registration
  • Texas Hospital Association1 registration
  • Texas hospital association1 registration
  • Texas Medical Association1 registration
  • United Ways of Texas1 registration

On

  • Department of State Health Services2 registrations
  • Self; Texas Right To Know1 registration
  • Texas Department of Insurance2 registrations
Sources

38 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

House witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version I · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version I · March 4, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Jan 24, 2025

06/20/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors

House committee · Insurance · Committee vote 8 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Health & Human Services · Committee vote 8 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Companion

HB 4054 by Spiller (identical)

Subjects

Consumer Protection

Health Care Providers

Health--Emergency Services & Personnel

Insurance--Health & Accident

AMBULANCES

STATE HEALTH SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF

Text

The text as introduced · 748 words

89R9695 DNC-F

By: Zaffirini
S.B. No. 916

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to consumer protections against certain medical and health

care billing by emergency medical services providers.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 773.061, Health and Safety Code, is

amended by adding Subsection (a-1) to read as follows:

(a-1) In addition to other permissible actions or penalties

and regardless of whether an emergency medical services provider is

directly operated by a governmental entity, the department may

revoke, suspend, or refuse to renew a license or certificate of the

provider if the department confirms that the provider has:

(1) intentionally submitted incorrect information

required under Section 38.006, Insurance Code; or

(2) engaged in a pattern of violations of Section

1271.159, 1275.054, 1301.166, 1551.231, 1575.174, or 1579.112,

Insurance Code.

SECTION 2. Section 38.006(b), Insurance Code, is amended to

read as follows:

(b) This section expires September 1, 2027 [ 2025 ].

SECTION 3. Sections 1271.159(c) and (g), Insurance Code,

are amended to read as follows:

(c) A political subdivision may annually [ health

maintenance organization shall ] adjust a rate submitted under

Section 38.006 [ payment required by Subsection (b)(1) each plan

year ] by not more than [ increasing the payment by ] the lesser of :

(1) the Medicare Ambulance Inflation Factor; [ Index ]

or

(2) 10 percent of the provider's previous calendar

year rates.

(g) This section expires September 1, 2027 [ 2025 ].

SECTION 4. Sections 1275.054(c) and (f), Insurance Code,

are amended to read as follows:

(c) A political subdivision may annually [ The administrator

shall ] adjust a rate submitted under Section 38.006 [ payment

required by Subsection (b)(1) each plan year ] by not more than

[ increasing the payment by ] the lesser of :

(1) the Medicare Ambulance Inflation Factor; [ Index ]

or

(2) 10 percent of the provider's previous calendar

year rates.

(f) This section expires September 1, 2027 [ 2025 ].

SECTION 5. Sections 1301.166(c) and (g), Insurance Code,

are amended to read as follows:

(c) A political subdivision may annually [ An insurer shall ]

adjust a rate submitted under Section 38.006 [ payment required by

Subsection (b)(1) each plan year ] by not more than [ increasing the

payment by ] the lesser of :

(1) the Medicare Ambulance Inflation Factor; [ Index ]

or

(2) 10 percent of the provider's previous calendar

year rates.

(g) This section expires September 1, 2027 [ 2025 ].

SECTION 6. Sections 1551.231(c) and (f), Insurance Code,

are amended to read as follows:

(c) A political subdivision may annually [ The administrator

shall ] adjust a rate submitted under Section 38.006 [ payment

required by Subsection (b)(1) each plan year ] by not more than

[ increasing the payment by ] the lesser of :

(1) the Medicare Ambulance Inflation Factor; [ Index ]

or

(2) 10 percent of the provider's previous calendar

year rates.

(f) This section expires September 1, 2027 [ 2025 ].

SECTION 7. Sections 1575.174(c) and (f), Insurance Code,

are amended to read as follows:

(c) A political subdivision may annually [ The administrator

shall ] adjust a rate submitted under Section 38.006 [ payment

required by Subsection (b)(1) each plan year ] by not more than

[ increasing the payment by ] the lesser of :

(1) the Medicare Ambulance Inflation Factor; [ Index ]

or

(2) 10 percent of the provider's previous calendar

year rates.

(f) This section expires September 1, 2027 [ 2025 ].

SECTION 8. Sections 1579.112(c) and (f), Insurance Code,

are amended to read as follows:

(c) A political subdivision may annually [ The administrator

shall ] adjust a rate submitted under Section 38.006 [ payment

required by Subsection (b)(1) each plan year ] by not more than

[ increasing the payment by ] the lesser of :

(1) the Medicare Ambulance Inflation Factor; [ Index ]

or

(2) 10 percent of the provider's previous calendar

year rates.

(f) This section expires September 1, 2027 [ 2025 ].

SECTION 9. The changes in law made by this Act apply only to

emergency medical services provided on or after the effective date

of this Act. Emergency medical services provided before the

effective date of this Act are governed by the law in effect

immediately before the effective date of this Act, and that law is

continued in effect for that purpose.

SECTION 10. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.