Monitoring the Session

SB 1239

Foreign Government Bond Buyers Get Every Claim, Known Or Unknown

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: Smells

SmellsInitial review
Sen. Mayes MiddletonRSenate 11
Both charges, and why
Pitch: Speech and lawfare

ACTUALLY

…“assignee of the purchaser, to assert or pursue through litigation”…

Bill text, House committee report version (H)

The bill strips issuers of the defense that a buyer of foreign-government debt bought it in order to sue, and it hands the buyer every claim of the seller, making these debts easier to buy and litigate in Texas.

Pitch: Speech and lawfare
Carve-out

THE TEXT

…“uncertificated security issued by a foreign state as defined by 28”…

Bill text, House committee report version (H)

The caption reads as a general rule for all securities, but the claim-transfer, litigation-defense bar and retroactive law-change rules apply only to buyers of foreign-government securities. The committee statement says openly that sovereign debt is the target, so confidence stays moderate.

Carve-out

Initial review · graded Oct 22, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to choice of law and assignment or acquisition of claims and demands in connection with certificated and uncertificated securities.

Caption from analyzed text · version H.

Summary

The committee analysis says claims “travel with that security.” Buying to sue is no defense.

The bill changes Texas commercial law so that when someone buys a bond or similar debt issued by a foreign government, every legal claim the seller had against the issuer and related parties passes to the buyer automatically, known or unknown. It also bars issuers and related parties from defending against those claims on the ground that the buyer bought the debt intending to sue, and it lets the choice of governing law in these foreign-government securities be changed and applied retroactively. For all securities, it says that if a security is invalid under the issuer's home law, the law the issuer agreed to in the documents decides what happens next.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB1239 · 2025-02-12

SOLD BY

ITEM

relating to choice of law and assignment or acquisition of claims and demands in connection with certificated and uncertificated securities.

WHAT IT DOES

The committee analysis says claims “travel with that security.” Buying to sue is no defense.

The bill changes Texas commercial law so that when someone buys a bond or similar debt issued by a foreign government, every legal claim the seller had against the issuer and related parties passes to the buyer automatically, known or unknown. It also bars issuers and related parties from defending against those claims on the ground that the buyer bought the debt intending to sue, and it lets the choice of governing law in these foreign-government securities be changed and applied retroactively. For all securities, it says that if a security is invalid under the issuer's home law, the law the issuer agreed to in the documents decides what happens next.

CHARGES

[x] PITCH: SPEECH AND LAWFARE

ACTUALLY

…“assignee of the purchaser, to assert or pursue through litigation”…

Bill text, House committee report version (H)

The bill strips issuers of the defense that a buyer of foreign-government debt bought it in order to sue, and it hands the buyer every claim of the seller, making these debts easier to buy and litigate in Texas.

[x] CARVE-OUTanalysis confidence 45%

THE TEXT

…“uncertificated security issued by a foreign state as defined by 28”…

Bill text, House committee report version (H)

The caption reads as a general rule for all securities, but the claim-transfer, litigation-defense bar and retroactive law-change rules apply only to buyers of foreign-government securities. The committee statement says openly that sovereign debt is the target, so confidence stays moderate.

TOTAL

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version S · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version S · March 27, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to Business & Commerce
  5. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  6. Considered in public hearing
  7. Testimony taken in committee
  8. Left pending in committee
  9. Considered in public hearing
  10. Vote taken in committee
  11. Reported favorably as substituted
  12. Recommended for local & uncontested calendar
  13. Committee report printed and distributed
  14. Placed on local & uncontested calendar
  15. Laid before the Senate
  16. Read 2nd time & passed to engrossment
  17. Vote recorded in Journal
  18. Three day rule suspended
  19. Record vote
  20. Read 3rd time
  21. Passed
  22. Record vote
  23. Reported engrossed
  24. Received from the Senate
  25. Read first time
  26. Referred to Trade, Workforce & Economic Development
  27. Considered in public hearing
  28. Reported favorably w/o amendment(s)
  29. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  30. Committee report distributed
  31. Committee report sent to Calendars
  32. Considered in Calendars
  33. Placed on General State Calendar
  34. Read 2nd time
  35. Passed to 3rd reading
  36. Record vote RV#2965
  37. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  38. Read 3rd time
  39. Passed
  40. Record vote RV#3035
  41. House passage reported
  42. Reported enrolled
  43. Signed in the Senate
  44. Signed in the House
  45. Sent to the Governor
  46. Signed by the Governor
  47. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

SPEECH AND LAWFARE

THE TEXT

…“assignee of the purchaser, to assert or pursue through litigation”…

Bill text, House committee report version (H)

The bill strips issuers of the defense that a buyer of foreign-government debt bought it in order to sue, and it hands the buyer every claim of the seller, making these debts easier to buy and litigate in Texas.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 136 yea · 10 nay

Senate · 30 yea · 0 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 20, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Apr 10, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

Smells

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$1.14MRussell Gordy$300,000Kenneth Fisher$215,000

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 6, 2024 to Oct 24, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$1,140,000.00

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$1,140,000.00

Cash
$1,140,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$1,140,000.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 12, 2024 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101009502, 101012383, 101061137, 101072395, 101072779.

Russell Gordy$300,000.00
Kenneth Fisher$215,000.00
Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$1,140,000.00

Cash
$1,140,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$1,140,000.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 12, 2024 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101009502, 101012383, 101061137, 101072395, 101072779.

Votes5

House May 20, 2025

Yea
136
Nay
10
Present, not voting
3
Absent
0
Excused
1
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3035

SB 1239 was passed by (Record 3035): 136 Yeas, 10 Nays, 3 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 136 (published)
  • Nay: 10 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 3 (published)
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 1 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 19, 2025

Yea
136
Nay
8
Present, not voting
2
Absent
0
Excused
4
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 2965

SB 1239 was passed to third reading by (Record 2965): 136 Yeas, 8 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 136 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 4 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 10, 2025

Final passage

Yea
30
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records final passage. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

CSSB 1239 (Middleton) Relating to choice of law and assignment or acquisition of claims and demands in connection with certificated and uncertificated securities. (viva voce vote) (30-0) (30-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 30 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 10, 2025

Suspension of the three-day rule

Yea
30
Nay
0
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records suspension of the three-day rule. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Sources

CSSB 1239 (Middleton) Relating to choice of law and assignment or acquisition of claims and demands in connection with certificated and uncertificated securities. (viva voce vote) (30-0) (30-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 30 (published)
  • Nay: 0 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Apr 10, 2025

Passage to engrossment

Yea
Not printed
Nay
Not printed
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
Not printed
Excused
Not printed
Names

Senate journal

Names were not printed. No individual positions are inferred.

The journal row lists three votes in order: passage to engrossment, suspension of the three-day rule, and final passage. This entry records passage to engrossment. Repeated tallies belong to separate votes.

Voice vote. No numeric tally or individual yeas are inferred.

Sources

CSSB 1239 (Middleton) Relating to choice of law and assignment or acquisition of claims and demands in connection with certificated and uncertificated securities. (viva voce vote) (30-0) (30-0)

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: Not printed
  • Nay: Not printed
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: Not printed
  • Excused: Not printed

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses1
For
1
Against
0
On
0
Names

For

  • HBK Capital Management1 registration
Sources

1 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No significant fiscal implication to the State is anticipated.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version S · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version S · March 27, 2025

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Adversarial review by claude-opus-5-5 at high effort: sent to the editor.

Analysis of text version H by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 22, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Feb 12, 2025

05/30/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 4:20 AM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Sponsors

House committee · Trade, Workforce & Economic Development · Committee vote 10 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Senate committee · Business & Commerce · Committee vote 10 aye, 0 nay, 1 absent · Out of committee

Companion

HB 3929 by Lambert (identical)

Subjects

Business & Commerce--General

Civil Remedies & Liabilities

Financial--General

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Text

The text as introduced · 545 words

89R9915 AJA-F

By: Middleton
S.B. No. 1239

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to choice of law and assignment or acquisition of claims

and demands in connection with certificated and uncertificated

securities.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 8.110, Business & Commerce Code, is

amended by adding Subsection (g) to read as follows:

(g) If a security is determined not to be valid under the

local law of the issuer's jurisdiction, the law of the jurisdiction

agreed by the issuer of the security to govern the construction or

interpretation of documents evidencing or containing the terms of

the security and matters arising out of or relating to the security

and documents, including the enforceability of the security and the

rights and remedies available to a purchaser of such a security,

governs the consequences to the issuer and the purchaser of the

invalidity.

SECTION 2. Section 8.302, Business & Commerce Code, is

amended by adding Subsections (d) and (e) to read as follows:

(d) The rights acquired by a purchaser of a certificated or

uncertificated security, unless otherwise agreed in writing,

include, without limitation, all of the following claims and

demands of the transferor, regardless of whether the claims and

demands are known to exist:

(1) a claim or demand for damages or rescission

against the issuer or other party to the security;

(2) a claim or demand for damages against the trustee,

depositary, or other party under any indenture under which the

security was issued or is outstanding;

(3) a claim or demand for damages against any issuer,

underwriter, trustee, depositary, guarantor, or other party to the

obligations of the issuer; and

(4) a claim or demand to enforce any rights of a

securityholder under the terms of the security, including rights

arising prior to the date of the transfer.

(e) Except as specifically provided by statute with respect

to assignments of the claims and demands of a transferor to the

purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security, no issuer

or other party subject to any obligation, or to any claim or demand

for damages, with respect to any such security may assert a defense

to such an obligation, claim, or demand, or assert a claim against

the purchaser, based on the intent of the purchaser, or an assignor

or assignee of the purchaser, to assert or pursue through

litigation or other lawful means the enforcement of the purchaser's

rights thereto.

SECTION 3. Section 271.005, Business & Commerce Code, is

amended by adding Subsections (a-1) and (c) to read as follows:

(a-1) Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the choice of

governing law specified in the terms applicable to a certificated

or uncertificated security issued in a qualified transaction,

including any change in that governing law, applies retroactively

to all issues relating to the security.

(c) A security issued in a qualified transaction may be

modified or amended, in accordance with the security's terms, to

permit amendment of the terms of the security by less than unanimous

consent, and to choose the law of a different jurisdiction to govern

the security. An amendment described by this subsection applies

retroactively unless otherwise agreed by the parties in writing.

SECTION 4. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.