Monitoring the Session

SB 404

Middleton Bill Orders A Pool Pullout, Then Spares Old Contracts

Died in committee

Verdict: Smells

SmellsInitial review
Sen. Mayes MiddletonRSenate 11
Both charges, and why
The hole

THE TEXT

“The changes in law made by this Act apply only to a contract entered into on or after the effective date of this Act.”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The main target is money already sitting in non-state pools, but this clause keeps older contracts under the old law. That may let existing investments escape the divestment mandate the bill advertises.

The hole
Carve-out

THE TEXT

…“only if the investment pool is managed by the comptroller or the Texas Treasury Safekeeping Trust Company”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The bill hands every local government's pool business to two named state-run managers and shuts out all other pool operators.

Carve-out

Initial review · graded Oct 20, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to the investment of public funds by a local government in investment pools.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Half out in 180 days, or later if judged more prudent. Old contracts keep the old law!

The bill says local governments may put public money only in investment pools run by the state comptroller or the Texas Treasury Safekeeping Trust Company. Cities, counties and other local governments that hold money in any other pool must pull half of it out within 180 days of finding it there, unless they judge in good faith that a later date is more prudent, and all of it within 360 days. A local government can otherwise delay the pullout only if it shows by clear and convincing evidence that leaving would cost money, and then it must send reports every six months to legislative leaders, the attorney general and the comptroller.

Corrected Oct 26, 2026 · We checked this summary against the bill text and fixed it.

Labels

Labels: NEVER GOT A HEARING. Filed Nov 21, 2024 and referred to the Senate Finance committee. No public hearing. The bill died.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB404 · 2024-11-21

SOLD BY

+ 1 coauthor

ITEM

relating to the investment of public funds by a local government in investment pools.

WHAT IT DOES

Half out in 180 days, or later if judged more prudent. Old contracts keep the old law!

The bill says local governments may put public money only in investment pools run by the state comptroller or the Texas Treasury Safekeeping Trust Company. Cities, counties and other local governments that hold money in any other pool must pull half of it out within 180 days of finding it there, unless they judge in good faith that a later date is more prudent, and all of it within 360 days. A local government can otherwise delay the pullout only if it shows by clear and convincing evidence that leaving would cost money, and then it must send reports every six months to legislative leaders, the attorney general and the comptroller.

Corrected Oct 26, 2026 · We checked this summary against the bill text and fixed it.

CHARGES

[x] THE HOLEanalysis confidence 55%

THE TEXT

“The changes in law made by this Act apply only to a contract entered into on or after the effective date of this Act.”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The main target is money already sitting in non-state pools, but this clause keeps older contracts under the old law. That may let existing investments escape the divestment mandate the bill advertises.

[x] CARVE-OUTanalysis confidence 45%

THE TEXT

…“only if the investment pool is managed by the comptroller or the Texas Treasury Safekeeping Trust Company”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The bill hands every local government's pool business to two named state-run managers and shuts out all other pool operators.

TOTAL

No fiscal note in the loaded record.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Read first time
  4. Referred to Finance
  5. Co-author authorized
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

Smells

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$1.14MRussell Gordy$300,000Kenneth Fisher$215,000

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 6, 2024 to Oct 24, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$1,140,000.00

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$1,140,000.00

Cash
$1,140,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$1,140,000.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 12, 2024 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101009502, 101012383, 101061137, 101072395, 101072779.

Russell Gordy$300,000.00
Kenneth Fisher$215,000.00
Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$1,140,000.00

Cash
$1,140,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$1,140,000.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 12, 2024 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101009502, 101012383, 101061137, 101072395, 101072779.

Votes

No floor vote loaded for this bill.

Fiscal

No fiscal note in the loaded record.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Nov 21, 2024

02/03/2025 S Referred to Finance

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced

Data snapshot Oct 26, 2026 at 5:53 PM CDT. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors

Senate committee · Finance · Final status: Died in committee

Subjects

City Government--Finance

County Government--Finance

Education--School Districts

Insurance--General

Political Subdivisions

Purchasing--Local

Text

The text as introduced · 735 words

89R2090 MP-D

By: Middleton
S.B. No. 404

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to the investment of public funds by a local government in

investment pools.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Section 2256.016, Government Code, is amended by

amending Subsection (a) and adding Subsection (l) to read as

follows:

(a) Except as provided by Subsection (l), an [ An ] entity may

invest its funds and funds under its control through an eligible

investment pool if the governing body of the entity by rule, order,

ordinance, or resolution, as appropriate, authorizes investment in

the particular pool. An investment pool shall invest the funds it

receives from entities in authorized investments permitted by this

subchapter. An investment pool may invest its funds in money market

mutual funds to the extent permitted by and consistent with this

subchapter and the investment policies and objectives adopted by

the investment pool.

(l) A local government may invest funds in an investment

pool only if the investment pool is managed by the comptroller or

the Texas Treasury Safekeeping Trust Company.

SECTION 2. Subchapter A, Chapter 2256, Government Code, is

amended by adding Section 2256.0175 to read as follows:

Sec. 2256.0175. DIVESTMENT OF CERTAIN FUNDS BY LOCAL

GOVERNMENTS. (a) In this section, "restricted investment pool"

means an investment pool that is not managed by the comptroller or

the Texas Treasury Safekeeping Trust Company.

(b) Notwithstanding Section 2256.017, a local government

shall sell, redeem, divest, or withdraw all of its funds and funds

under its control that are invested in a restricted investment pool

in compliance with the following schedule:

(1) at least 50 percent of those funds must be removed

from a restricted investment pool not later than the 180th day after

the date the local government discovers that the funds are invested

in a restricted investment pool, unless the local government

determines, based on a good faith exercise of its fiduciary

discretion and subject to Subdivision (2), that a later date is more

prudent; and

(2) 100 percent of those funds must be removed from the

restricted investment pool not later than the 360th day after the

date the local government discovers that the funds are invested in a

restricted investment pool.

(c) Except as provided by Subsection (b), a local government

may delay the schedule for divestment under that subsection or

otherwise cease divesting from a restricted investment pool only to

the extent that the local government determines, in the local

government's good faith judgment, and consistent with the local

government's fiduciary duty, that divestment from the restricted

investment pool will likely result in a loss in value or a benchmark

deviation described by Subsection (d). If a local government

delays the schedule for divestment or otherwise ceases to divest,

the local government shall submit a report to the presiding officer

of each house of the legislature, the attorney general, and the

comptroller stating the reasons and justification, supported by

clear and convincing evidence, for the local government's delay in

divestment from the restricted investment pool. The report must

include documentation supporting the local government's

determination that the divestment would result in a loss in value or

a benchmark deviation described by Subsection (d), including

objective numerical estimates. The local government shall update

the report every six months.

(d) A local government may delay the schedule of divestment

under Subsection (b) or otherwise cease divesting from one or more

restricted investment pools under Subsection (c) only if clear and

convincing evidence shows that divesting from the restricted

investment pool will likely result in:

(1) the local government suffering a loss in the

hypothetical value of all funds under management by the local

government as a result of having to divest from restricted

investment pools under this section; or

(2) an individual portfolio that uses a

benchmark-aware strategy being subject to an aggregate expected

deviation from its benchmark as a result of having to divest from

restricted investment pools under this section.

SECTION 3. The changes in law made by this Act apply only to

a contract entered into on or after the effective date of this Act.

A contract entered into before that date is governed by the law in

effect on the date the contract was entered into, and the former law

is continued in effect for that purpose.

SECTION 4. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.