Monitoring the Session

SB 379

Middleton Bill Bans SNAP Candy, Unless It Contains Milk

Became law, effective Sep 1, 2025

Verdict: Smells

SmellsNeeds review
Sen. Mayes MiddletonRSenate 11
Both charges, and why
The hole

THE TEXT

“a milk product or a product, other than an energy drink, containing milk or a milk protein”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The exception covers any product, not just drinks, that contains milk, so candy and cookies made with milk, plus sweetened milk drinks, can escape the ban the caption advertises. Soda and plain chips remain covered, so the hole is partial.

The hole
Delayed start

THE TEXT

…“may delay implementing that provision until the waiver or authorization is granted”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The ban can sit unenforced with no end date if the federal waiver never comes. The listed effective date may not be the date anything changes at the register.

Delayed start

Needs review · Nov 1, 2026 · Headline, summary and grade are analysis of the bill text, not a finding about any person · How we grade

Caption

relating to prohibiting the purchase of certain food and drink items under the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

Caption from analyzed text · version I.

Summary

Cookies made with milk can escape too. And the ban may wait on a federal waiver.

The bill bars people on SNAP food benefits from using those benefits to buy energy drinks, sweetened or carbonated drinks, packaged candy, chips and cookies. It touches SNAP recipients and the stores that take SNAP, with a long list of exceptions for milk products, milk substitutes, zero-calorie sweetened drinks that are not carbonated or energy drinks (diet soda stays banned), infant formula, unsweetened juice, and products with protein, though added vitamins alone do not qualify. The rule is set to start September 1, 2025, but the state agency may hold off until a federal waiver is granted.

Corrected Oct 26, 2026 · We checked this summary against the bill text and fixed it.

Labels

Labels: BUZZER BEATER. Final vote May 31, 2025: both chambers adopted the conference committee report. 2 days before the session ended Jun 2, 2025.BACK FROM THE DEAD. Same text as a bill filed before that died: 88R SB 346 (Died in committee). Filed in 2 sessions, counting this one. Checked against 88R only.TRY NO. 2. Filed in 2 sessions: 88R and 89R. Checked against 88R only.

Receipt

The receipt

89R-SB379 · 2024-11-15

SOLD BY

+ 6 coauthors

ITEM

relating to prohibiting the purchase of certain food and drink items under the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

WHAT IT DOES

Cookies made with milk can escape too. And the ban may wait on a federal waiver.

The bill bars people on SNAP food benefits from using those benefits to buy energy drinks, sweetened or carbonated drinks, packaged candy, chips and cookies. It touches SNAP recipients and the stores that take SNAP, with a long list of exceptions for milk products, milk substitutes, zero-calorie sweetened drinks that are not carbonated or energy drinks (diet soda stays banned), infant formula, unsweetened juice, and products with protein, though added vitamins alone do not qualify. The rule is set to start September 1, 2025, but the state agency may hold off until a federal waiver is granted.

Corrected Oct 26, 2026 · We checked this summary against the bill text and fixed it.

CHARGES

[x] THE HOLEanalysis confidence 50%

THE TEXT

“a milk product or a product, other than an energy drink, containing milk or a milk protein”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The exception covers any product, not just drinks, that contains milk, so candy and cookies made with milk, plus sweetened milk drinks, can escape the ban the caption advertises. Soda and plain chips remain covered, so the hole is partial.

[x] DELAYED STARTanalysis confidence 40%

THE TEXT

…“may delay implementing that provision until the waiver or authorization is granted”

Bill text, introduced version (I)

The ban can sit unenforced with no end date if the federal waiver never comes. The listed effective date may not be the date anything changes at the register.

TOTAL

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version F · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version F · May 30, 2025

The bill would have a fiscal impact to the Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC), but the impact cannot be determined at this time because it will depend on the terms and conditions of the federal waiver required to allow the state to implement the bill.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

HISTORY

  1. Received by the Secretary of the Senate
  2. Filed
  3. Co-author authorized
  4. Read first time
  5. Referred to Health & Human Services
  6. Co-author authorized
  7. Scheduled for public hearing on . . .
  8. Considered in public hearing
  9. Testimony taken in committee
  10. Left pending in committee
  11. Considered in public hearing
  12. Vote taken in committee
  13. Reported favorably w/o amendments
  14. Committee report printed and distributed
  15. Co-author authorized
  16. Placed on intent calendar
  17. Co-author authorized
  18. Rules suspended-Regular order of business
  19. Record vote
  20. Read 2nd time
  21. Amendment(s) offered FA1 Alvarado
  22. Amendment fails of adoption
  23. Record vote
  24. Amendment(s) offered FA2 Gutierrez
  25. Amendment fails of adoption
  26. Record vote
  27. Passed to engrossment
  28. Record vote
  29. Three day rule suspended
  30. Record vote
  31. Read 3rd time
  32. Passed
  33. Record vote
  34. Reported engrossed
  35. Received from the Senate
  36. Read first time
  37. Referred to Human Services
  38. Considered in formal meeting
  39. Committee substitute considered in committee
  40. Reported favorably as substituted
  41. Comte report filed with Committee Coordinator
  42. Committee report distributed
  43. Committee report sent to Calendars
  44. Considered in Calendars
  45. Placed on General State Calendar
  46. Rules suspended
  47. Additional sponsor(s) authorized
  48. Read 2nd time
  49. Amended 1-Gerdes
  50. Passed to 3rd reading as amended
  51. Record vote RV#3211
  52. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  53. Read 3rd time
  54. Passed
  55. Record vote RV#3308
  56. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  57. House passage as amended reported
  58. House amendment(s) laid before the Senate
  59. Read
  60. Senate refuses to concur
  61. Senate requests conference committee
  62. Senate appoints conferees
  63. Senate refuses to concur-reported
  64. Senate requests conference committee-reported
  65. Senate appoints conferees-reported
  66. House grants request for conference committee
  67. House appoints conferees
  68. House grants request for conf comm-reported
  69. House appoints conferees-reported
  70. Conference committee report filed
  71. Conf. Comm. Report distributed
  72. Co-author authorized
  73. House adopts conference committee report
  74. Record vote RV#4118
  75. Statement(s) of vote recorded in Journal
  76. Senate adopts conference committee report
  77. Record vote
  78. Senate adopts conf. comm. report-reported
  79. House adopts conf. comm. report-reported
  80. Reported enrolled
  81. Signed in the Senate
  82. Signed in the House
  83. Sent to the Governor
  84. Signed by the Governor
  85. Effective on 9/1/25
FILED UNDER

No verified beat found.

SIGNED FOR BY

House · 90 yea · 37 nay

Senate · 22 yea · 8 nay

Sources

House: Final passage · May 23, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate: Final passage · Mar 31, 2025. Journal. Published stock for this vote. Snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

All floor motions and other positions below.

Smells

THANK YOU FOR CHECKING THE RECEIPT

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

CAMPAIGN PAID FOR BY

Donors

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$1.14MRussell Gordy$300,000Kenneth Fisher$215,000

Not tied to this bill.

Sources

The author's campaign account only. Own money and internal transfers are separate on the member page.

Derived itemized flow · Jul 6, 2024 to Oct 24, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC$1,140,000.00

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$1,140,000.00

Cash
$1,140,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$1,140,000.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 12, 2024 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101009502, 101012383, 101061137, 101072395, 101072779.

Russell Gordy$300,000.00
Kenneth Fisher$215,000.00
Money

Missing data does not establish zero giving. Display amounts are rounded.

×

Texans for Lawsuit Reform PAC

$1,140,000.00

Cash
$1,140,000.00
Paid by others
$0.00
Total
$1,140,000.00

Also funds 124 other sitting lawmakers.

Derived recipient stock · Jul 10, 2024 to Oct 23, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

TEC account match.

Team
Sources

Derived itemized flow · Dec 12, 2024 to Oct 21, 2026. State data as of Nov 4, 2026.

Derived itemized contributions on live regular reports and uncovered special-session dates. Internal account transfers and daily reports are excluded.

Report IDs: 101009502, 101012383, 101061137, 101072395, 101072779.

Votes10

Senate May 31, 2025

Yea
22
Nay
9
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
0
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

On motion of Senator Middleton, the Conference Committee Report was adopted by the following vote: Yeas 22, Nays 9.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 22 (published)
  • Nay: 9 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 0 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 31, 2025

Yea
84
Nay
45
Present, not voting
2
Absent
5
Excused
14
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 4118

Representative Gerdes moved to adopt the conference committee report on SB 379. The motion to adopt the conference committee report on SB 379 prevailed by (Record 4118): 84 Yeas, 45 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 84 (published)
  • Nay: 45 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 5 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 14 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 23, 2025

Yea
90
Nay
37
Present, not voting
2
Absent
9
Excused
12
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3308

SB 379 was passed by (Record 3308): 90 Yeas, 37 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 90 (published)
  • Nay: 37 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 9 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 12 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

House May 22, 2025

Yea
88
Nay
47
Present, not voting
2
Absent
4
Excused
9
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

House journal

Sources

Record 3211

CSSB 379, as amended, was passed to third reading by (Record 3211): 88 Yeas, 47 Nays, 2 Present, not voting.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 88 (published)
  • Nay: 47 (published)
  • Present, not voting: 2 (published)
  • Absent: 4 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 9 (derived from named list)

House journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 31, 2025

Yea
22
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
1
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The bill was read third time and was passed by the following vote: Yeas 22, Nays 8.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 22 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 1 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 31, 2025

Yea
24
Nay
6
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
1
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator Middleton moved that Senate Rule 7.18 and the Constitutional Rule requiring bills to be read on three several days be suspended and that SB 379 be placed on its third reading and final passage. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 24, Nays 6.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 24 (published)
  • Nay: 6 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 1 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 31, 2025

Yea
22
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
1
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

SB 379 was passed to engrossment by the following vote: Yeas 22, Nays 8.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 22 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 1 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 31, 2025

Yea
9
Nay
21
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
1
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The amendment to SB 379 was read and failed of adoption by the following vote: Yeas 9, Nays 21.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 9 (published)
  • Nay: 21 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 1 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 31, 2025

Yea
10
Nay
20
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
1
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

The amendment to SB 379 was read and failed of adoption by the following vote: Yeas 10, Nays 20.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 10 (published)
  • Nay: 20 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 1 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Senate Mar 31, 2025

Yea
22
Nay
8
Present, not voting
Not printed
Absent
1
Excused
0
Names

Named positions matched to lawmakers. See the journal for unmatched names.

Senate journal

Sources

Senator Middleton moved to suspend the regular order of business to take up for consideration SB 379 at this time on its second reading: SB 379, Relating to prohibiting the purchase of certain food and drink items under the supplemental nutrition assistance program. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Yeas 22, Nays 8.

Published stock of positions for this vote, except where marked derived.

  • Yea: 22 (published)
  • Nay: 8 (published)
  • Present, not voting: Not printed
  • Absent: 1 (derived from named list)
  • Excused: 0 (derived from named list)

Senate journal. Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

Witnesses18
For
5
Against
12
On
1
Names

For

  • FGA Action1 registration
  • Make Texans Healthy Again1 registration
  • Self; End Chronic Disease1 registration
  • Self; Texas Radiological Society, Texas Medical Association1 registration
  • Self; Texas Right To Know1 registration

Against

  • American Heart Association1 registration
  • Children at Risk1 registration
  • Every Texan1 registration
  • Self3 registrations
  • Self; Feeding Texas2 registrations
  • Self; San Antonio Food Bank1 registration
  • Texans Care for Children1 registration
  • Texas Retailers Association1 registration
  • Walmart1 registration

On

  • Health and Human Services Commission1 registration
Sources

18 parsed registrations across the loaded witness lists.

Derived stock of witness registrations. Repeated appearances count separately. Organizations and self-representation appear as printed.

Senate witness list. Source snapshot 2026-10-20, Central time.

Fiscal

No first-year general revenue figure available here.

LBB estimate · fiscal note version F · source

Sources

Fiscal note · version F · May 30, 2025

The bill would have a fiscal impact to the Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC), but the impact cannot be determined at this time because it will depend on the terms and conditions of the federal waiver required to allow the state to implement the bill.

LBB published estimates · flow over the stated periods.

Source snapshot 2026-10-19, Central time.

How this was graded

Analysis of text version I by claude-opus-5-5, Oct 20, 2026, against the published rubric.

FILED BEFORE

Filed 2 times: 88R and 89R. Checked against 88R only.

88R SB 346

by Sen. Middleton, same lead author · Died in committee · same text

Introduced text

Last action, Feb 15, 2023: Referred to Health & Human Services

Relating to prohibiting the purchase of certain food and drink items under the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

Caption, 88R bill history

Sources

Texas Senate · Filed Nov 15, 2024

06/20/2025 E Effective on 9/1/25

Texas Legislature Online · Introduced · Senate Committee Report · Engrossed · House Committee Report · Enrolled

Data snapshot Nov 1, 2026 at 2:03 PM CST. Grades, charges, quotes and corrections follow the published record.

Coauthors
Sponsors
Cosponsors

House committee · Human Services · Committee vote 9 aye, 2 nay · Out of committee

Senate committee · Health & Human Services · Committee vote 5 aye, 2 nay, 2 absent · Out of committee

Companion

HB 3188 by Raymond (similar)

HB 4970 by Cain (very similar)

HB 5243 by Gerdes (identical)

Subjects

Human Services--Food Programs

FOOD

Text

The text as introduced · 520 words

89R4916 AND-D

By: Middleton
S.B. No. 379

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED

AN ACT

relating to prohibiting the purchase of certain food and drink

items under the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:

SECTION 1. Subchapter A, Chapter 33, Human Resources Code,

is amended by adding Section 33.031 to read as follows:

Sec. 33.031. PURCHASE OF CERTAIN FOOD AND DRINK ITEMS

PROHIBITED UNDER SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. (a)

In this section:

(1) "Energy drink" means a beverage containing at

least 65 milligrams of caffeine per 8 fluid ounces that is

advertised as being specifically designed to provide metabolic

stimulation or an increase to the consumer's mental or physical

energy. The term does not include coffee or any substantially

coffee-based beverage.

(2) "Milk product" means a natural milk product

regardless of animal source or butterfat content and regardless of

whether reconstituted, including milk in liquid form, milk

concentrate, and dehydrated milk.

(3) "Sweetened beverage" means a nonalcoholic

beverage to which a natural or artificial sweetener is added that is

sold for human consumption, including a soft drink and other

flavored beverages.

(b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), a recipient of

supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits may not use

those benefits to purchase:

(1) an energy drink;

(2) a sweetened beverage;

(3) a carbonated beverage;

(4) candy ordinarily packaged and sold for consumption

without further preparation;

(5) potato or corn chips ordinarily packaged and sold

for consumption without further preparation; or

(6) cookies ordinarily packaged and sold for

consumption without further preparation.

(c) The prohibition under Subsection (b) does not apply to

the purchase of:

(1) a milk product or a product, other than an energy

drink, containing milk or a milk protein;

(2) a milk substitute, including soy milk, rice milk,

or almond milk;

(3) a beverage, other than an energy drink or

carbonated beverage, in which the only added sweetener does not add

calories to the beverage;

(4) a beverage intended by the manufacturer for

consumption by an infant that is commonly referred to as "infant

formula";

(5) a beverage, other than a carbonated beverage,

intended by the manufacturer for use for weight reduction;

(6) a fruit or vegetable juice, other than a

carbonated beverage, to which no sugar has been added;

(7) a beverage or other product, other than a

carbonated beverage, intended for use as recommended by a health

care professional, as defined by Section 247.067, Health and Safety

Code;

(8) a beverage or other product, other than a

carbonated beverage, that contains plant protein sources; or

(9) a product, other than an energy drink or

carbonated beverage, that:

(A) is fortified with a vitamin or mineral; and

(B) contains a source of protein.

SECTION 2. If before implementing any provision of this Act

a state agency determines that a waiver or authorization from a

federal agency is necessary for implementation of that provision,

the agency affected by the provision shall request the waiver or

authorization and may delay implementing that provision until the

waiver or authorization is granted.

SECTION 3. This Act takes effect September 1, 2025.